Stylistyka

Hezitace v dialogických i monologických mluvených textech (přehledová studie)

LUCIE JÍLKOVÁ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In this review study, major linguistic studies dealing with hesitations will be discussed. Two aspects of hesitations are covered: the definition of hesitations and their functions in monologic and dialogic spoken texts. Papers are discussed in a chronological order,
supplemented when necessary by footnotes linking them to more recent and related papers. The definition of hesitations varies widely between authors. Some authors consider this term to include a wide range of phenomena, while others utilise the
oposition between filled and unfilled pauses. Generally speaking, the more recent the paper, the narrower the definition of hesitations. In some cases hesitations are understood as normal (English) words with the standardized written forms uh (vocalic
hesitation) and um (consonantal hesitation). Over time, the perception of hesitations has shifted from a negative phenomenon or dysfluence in speech to a natural and important part of spoken text. Hesitation has numerous functions (planning, maintainig
speech flow, repair, connectivity etc.). Over time, hesitations have been rehabilitated and now constitute a respected and important linguistic research topic.

Relativa s postfixem -ž v dnešní češtině

JANA BÍLKOVÁ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents the Czech relative pronouns with the archaic enclitic particle -ž, which is perceived as a postfix (kdož, což, kterýž), outlining their development, frequency of usage, stylistic distribution as well as possibilities of their stylistic
use in 21st-century texts. The corpus data show significant differences between the frequency of the pronouns kterýž and kdo on the one hand, and the frequency of the pronoun což on the other. The study aims to explain the frequency difference by the
diverse syntactic behaviour of these expressions. While the pronouns co and což have different syntactic functions in contemporary Czech, adding the postfix “-ž” to the pronouns kdo a který does not change their syntactic function, only their stylistic value.
The corpus research was focused on the occurrence of pronouns kdož and kterýž in contemporary journalistic texts, because it could be assumed that, at least for the most part, it would not be quotations from old texts. The study was based on the analysis of authentic texts from the Czech National Corpus, specifically from the corpora of contemporary written Czech SYN 2010 and SYN 2020, and from the diachronic corpus DIACORP (v 6), containing Czech written texts from the 14th to the 20th century.

Styl Kongresu futurologicznego Stanisława Lema jako konstrukcja lingwistyczna

TADEUSZ PIOTROWSKI — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper deals with the linguistic devices that constitute the style of Stanisław Lem’s 1971 The Futurological Congress, with the focus on neologisms and their functions. As a result of a computer analysis of the text, all words that are not recorded in
lexicographic descriptions of Polish were identified, and their contribution to Lem’s style was discussed, in particular what role particular word-formation patterns have in creating its style. Previous descriptions of Lem’s neologisms discussed their meanings
and classified them, not taking into account the functions of neologisms in the text in all their varieties. This paper, therefore, fills in this gap. It starts with a brief presentation of Lem’s main styles, followed by previous stylistic models of The Star Diaries, to which The Congress thematically belongs. It goes on to discuss methods of computer analysis used in the study, then a presentation
of the neologisms and their stylistic functions follows. The paper stresses the fact that some neologisms, or their models, are repeated, and can be considered keywords, and that some words or specific letter sequences are used to create the style of the work. It concludes by saying that a synthesis of research on neologisms in Lem’s work should be produced.

Wartości stylu w prozie historiograficznej Zofii Bukowieckiej

MAGDALENA HAWRYSZ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The historiographic prose addressed to young audience experienced a significant increase during the latter half of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century. The study examines the historiography of Zofia Bukowiecka, one of
the most widely-read authors of that time, writing primarily for children and adolescents. The specific objective of the present study are twofold: firstly, to identify the value of the historiographic prose style for children and adolescents; and secondly, to characterize the linguistic and textual exponents expressing these values. The stylistic values identified as being of particular importance in this writing style are dialogism, imagery, fictionalisation, informativeness and emotionalisation. The factors determining the stylistic layer include specific audience, particular circumstances of the texts’ creation, and specific functions that the historiography from the period of the partitions was to perform. It fulfilled a cognitive function and an educational function, temporarily motivated by historical circumstances, which resulted in an identity-creating effect.

Śląsk utekstowiony – językowe kreacje miejsca w reportażu Kajś. Opowieść o Górnym Śląsku Zbigniewa Rokity

AGNIESZKA JEDZINIAK-DANOWSKA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article examines the ways in which Silesia is textualised in Zbigniew Rokita’s reportage Kajś. Opowieść o Górnym Śląsku [Somewhere. A Story of Upper Silesia]. To this end, the author conducts an analysis of the contexts generated by Korpusomat,
a web application, focusing on the occurrences of the proper name Śląsk [Silesia] and several regional toponyms. Based on this analysis, several linguistic and textual practices of shaping the image(s) of Silesia are identified, including its spatial, geographical and identity-related facets woven into the text’s structure. The analysis also addresses the importance of movement and its directions in forming the representations of Silesia within the reportage. Additionally, attention is given to such issues as the objectification, autonomy, dependence, marginalisation, detachment and disappearance of the region. The article concludes by emphasizing that the textualisation of Upper Silesia’s geography is closely intertwined with identity issues of both the author/narrator and the Silesian community. It provides a discursive and textological analysis, enriched with quantitative lexical data, of place representation in reportage literature. The discussion contributes to linguistic research on the relationship between place/region and identity as expressed in texts.

Marii Wojtak teoria genologiczna – w poszukiwaniu gatunkowych reguł tekstu

JOLANTA NOCOŃ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Maria Wojtak is one of the most eminent Polish linguists. Her scientific achievements consist of works on linguistic geneology, stylistics, textology and discourse analysis, also from a diachronic perspective. The subject of research is press, religious, artistic,
official and applied texts, ancient and contemporary, as well as religious style and discourse – these areas are highlighted in the article. The cognitive categories of the author’s conception of the text genre and the most important assumptions of
the research methodology are discussed, including the components of the genre pattern, transformations of the canonical pattern into alternation and adaptation patterns, complex genres in the form of genre collections and genre collections, genre style
and genre style versus functional styles. Furthermore, the most important achievements in the field of religious style research are characterised. The article has the character of a critical synthetic discussion.

Abstrakt graficzny – nowy czy jedynie odświeżony gatunek tekstu naukowego?

MONIKA ŁASZKIEWICZ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article compares the traditional textual abstracts (monomodal) with graphical abstracts (multimodal), which are becoming an increasingly popular form of presenting key information contained in an article. The material basis consisted of 150 abstracts representing various fields of knowledge, functioning together with the article texts in one document or independently of them (e.g., in abstract books). The genre analysis was conducted using the genre description parameters of J. Bartmiński and S. Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska (sender, recipient, communication situation, communication intention, topic, ontology of the presented world, form and manner of presenting the topic, values) and revealed that graphical abstracts are a special genre that can facilitate the understanding of scientific texts, accelerate the memorisation of key content, and popularise research findings. Visual abstracts differ in the way they connect graphics (words, paratext, or text) with images (drawings, diagrams, graphics). They combine not only a cognitive value but also an aesthetic value, which is new in the case of scientific texts.

Środki stylistyczne służące przekazywaniu wiedzy o systemie językowym w dawnych podręcznikach do nauki języka angielskiego. Przyczynek do badań nad historią polskiego dyskursu glottodydaktycznego

IRMINA KOTLARSKA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyses the stylistic and functional shaping of fragments of old textbooks conveying information about English grammar. The material basis for the considerations is a selection of English language textbooks published from the late 18th to the mid-20th century. The form and means of transmitting knowledge typical of teaching this language in the past have not been the object of stylistic research to date. The objective of the present study is to ascertain which linguistic techniques are employed
in past English learning materials and which of these facilitate the theoretical-cognitive aspect of language education, namely the transmission of knowledge about the structure and functioning principles of the language system. The stylistic observations are made from a discourse perspective. The analyses have shown that the mode of cognitive organisation of the text of former glottodidactic textbooks is descriptive and explanatory in nature. The presented knowledge is regarded as indisputable, and the object of analysis is the set of rules that govern the functioning of the language system. The desire to convey the content in an accessible and easy-to-remember manner is evident in the provision of examples and explanations highlighting the logical relationships between the rules of English grammar and juxtaposing how specific forms are expressed in the taught and native language; the use of directive constructions, intratextual cross-references and typographical treatments.

Nazwa gatunkowa a wyznaczniki opatrzonego nią komunikatu multimedialnego. Analiza egzemplaryczna tutoriali w perspektywie germanistycznej

ANNA HANUS — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Video tutorials enjoy unflagging popularity, particularly among Internet users, but their linguistic description still poses significant challenges due to the multiplicity and diversity of their forms. It is therefore essential to investigate both the status and features of video tutorials as a type of multimodal text. This article aims to discuss the origins of video tutorials and seeks to determine whether the online forms labelled as video tutorials meet the criteria of the video tutorial genre formulated in German studies. A sample of 30 tutorials posted on the YouTube platform was examined using the research model proposed by Hanus & Kaczmarek (2022). The
article offers an exemplary analysis of two types of tutorials, firstly, to verify their genre properties, especially the constitutive and complementary features, and, secondly, to assess whether and, if so, to what extent the forms comply with the conventions of the video tutorial genre. The analysis reveals that not every online form labelled as a video tutorial possesses the constitutive or complementary features typical of this genre; instead, many primarily serve an appellative function typical of advertisements.
Moreover, deliberate strategies for concealing objectives by incorporating specific content and stylising the presentation to resemble other genres were identified. The term paratutorial is proposed for these forms. The findings of this study help refine
the properties of the video tutorial genre and further clarify its profile.

Trailery książkowe jako eskorty książek. Charakterystyka gatunku

DOROTA PIEKARCZYK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Book trailers are becoming an increasingly important element of communication about a book (on the line: author – publisher – reader), and the virtual space favours their rapid development and dissemination. Trailers are accompanying texts for books (they
inform about their creation and encourage reading), but they also provide a first interpretation of the texts and create certain expectations of the audience towards them. Their role in the social process of book circulation and reception is therefore
very important. By examining a series of genre concretisations (formally, semantically and stylistically similar texts), the author aims to show the genre pattern of the book trailer, the way in which its genre field is shaped, and the characteristics that can
be attributed to the variants of the pattern and the functions they can fulfil. For this purpose, the author uses the methodology of contemporary genology, especially the research method initiated by M. Wojtak.
The analyses presented allow not only to reconstruct the genre pattern, but also to identify the two main sources of inspiration: the film trailer and the book cover. The analyses also show the methods used by publishers to increase the effectiveness of trailers.

Porada językowa w XIX wieku (na przykładzie wypowiedzi Fryderyka Skobla)

BARTŁOMIEJ CIEŚLA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article aims at a genological analysis of language advice offered by Fryderyk Skobel in his book entitled O skażeniu języka polskiego w dziennikach i w mowie potocznéj, osobliwie w Galicji (1871) [On the contamination of the Polish language in diaries and colloquial speech, specifically in Galicia]. It takes into account the four planes of the genre pattern − structural, stylistic, pragmatic and cognitive – as elaborated on by Maria Wojtak. The analysis conducted reveals a number of common features between language advice from the second half of the nineteenth century, the twentieth century and present-day texts. The similarities apply to every aspect of the pattern’s functioning, primarily the thematic threads and stylistic properties. The differences can be found in the linguistic self-presentation of the author, who considers himself an expert and mentor, strongly emphasizing his subjective perspective. Another distinction concerns the level of stylistic expressiveness: the advice under analysis carries a strong emotional tone, which is absent from contemporary texts belonging to this genre.

O wpływie literatury i sztuki na język recenzji filmowych Stefanii Zahorskiej (próba wstępnej charakterystyki)

ANETTA GAJDA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study focuses on the language of film reviews written by Stefania Zahorska, one of Poland’s most eminent critics in the interwar period. The texts were published between 1927 and 1939, when the scientific foundations of film studies were emerging
and a new model of theoretical reflection was taking shape. The research aims to examine the development of language and style in film criticism. The analytical part consists of two subchapters. The first presents the notions and terms found in the critic’s reviews, directly related to film and its production practice, which appeared with the advent of film art and gradually became part of the specialized language of the cinema among film experts and practitioners. The second subchapter highlights linguistic and stylistic elements showing that, in her search for a new critical language, Zahorska drew on the resources of literary criticism, painting,
theatre and music. Through this approach, she introduced novel terms, idioms and innovative metaphors from traditional art forms into the film discourse.The analysis reveals that she created not only a new model of art criticism, but also a modern critical language. The collected material demonstrates that many of the concepts, still on the threshold of specialised terminology, along with metaphorical expressions and phrases, serve not only aesthetic and polemical purposes, but also exhibit the cognitive function. The study concludes by identifying areas and research gaps that warrant further investigation.

Chinese War with American Characteristics:

STANKOMIR NICIEJA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article analyses the stylistic elements in the recent Chinese war epic, The Battle at Lake Changjin (2021). Because of its scale, cost, and generated box office revenue, the movie has come to epitomize the new ambitions and capabilities of the Chinese film industry. The key argument in the article is that the unprecedented domestic success of The Battle at Lake Changjin has been chiefly rooted in its ingenious use of cinematography and its embrace of stylistic diversity. The film exemplifies Chinese stylistic eclecticism that fuses the conventions of early 20th-century American war films with the contemporary “drone age cinema” associated chiefly with action films. Thanks to those elements, the otherwise rigid ideological message of the movie becomes more acceptable to the audience, at least in China.

„Myśmy byli przesyceni tą historią, którą nam przekazywano…”1 Między językiem perswazji wojennej a językiem narracji wspomnieniowej – miejsca wspólne

BEATA DUDA, JOANNA PRZYKLENK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This article presents the results of comparative analyses of temporally, genologically and discursively diverse texts, i.e. excerpts from underground press published during World War II and 3,400 recollections of participants in the 1944 Warsaw Uprising (collected between 2003 and 2018). The authors draw on memory studies pertaining to the reminiscence effect and apply comparative stylistic analysis alongside corpusbased tools to examine the characteristics of reminiscence discourse. The article aims to highlight the stylistic and lexical convergences between the persuasive language of World War II and the recollections of those who witnessed the events of 1944. It explains the reasons behind these convergences and explores how veterans reflect on shaping their attitudes and beliefs within the context of a shared generational experience. The results suggest that this type of analysis could be valuable for further linguistic inquiry into text and memory, particularly with regard to the memory of history and style, in both diachronic linguistics and memory studies.

Przyszłość w odpamiętywaniu przeszłości – aktualizacje przyszłości w opowieściach świadków historii (na materiale Archiwum Historii Mówionej)

BERNADETTA CIESEK-ŚLIZOWSKA, KATARZYNA SUJKOWSKA, WIOLETTA WILCZEK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article presents ways in which the future is represented in the recollections of eyewitnesses to the W arsaw U prising. T he analytical material comprises a collection of over 4,000 interviews, accessible to a wide audience through the searchable Oral History A rchive website. For the purpose of the research, a corpus comprising 28,356,577 tokens (running words) was created in collaboration with the Polish branch of the European Research Infrastructure CLARIN and tools such as the online KonText search engine were used. T he study employed both quantitative (corpus based) and qualitative methods, with the latter inspired by discourse techniques and deeply rooted in the social sciences. T he analysis of this extensive data set allowed the authors to reconstruct the perception of the future during the challenging times of coercion and threat characteristic of wartime, especially during the W arsaw U prising. T hree key aspects of how the future is reflected in the past were identified, aligning closely with sociological theories about future-oriented thinking. T he first aspect pertains to the distant future, which appears in recollections where the moment of reminiscence is set before the war, and to the short-term future, where wartime events serve as a point of reference. The second aspect is related to the sphere of human life in the context of prospective thinking, including both the future of social life and the future of private life, each marked by a forward-looking orientation. The third case includes expressions of a lack of future, equated with a sense of hopelessness and uncertainty. T his outlook, focused on the here and now, views the future as precarious and threatening.

Make America great again? Medialne narracje na temat Donalda J. Trumpa i Josepha R. Bidena na okładkach tygodników „Polityka”, „The Economist” oraz „Der Spiegel”

DOROTA MILLER — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In the age of stimulus overload magazine covers are aimed at gaining the readers’ attention by announcing or summarising selected content of the particular issue in a way that is both attractive, and engages the potential audience in the process of interpretation. As a multimodal text genre par excellence, they combine verbal and visual elements and employ intertextual references to previous texts and/or images to (re)activate additional meanings and broaden the range of possible interpretations.
Based on the concepts of multimodality and intertextuality, the paper discusses the similarities and differences in the Polish, British and German media narratives of the end of Donald J. Trump’s term and the beginning of Joseph R. Biden’s presidency.
The media representations of the two politicians are discussed based on the covers and related articles published in the opinion weekly magazines Polityka, The Economist and Der Spiegel in November 2020 (presidential election won by Joseph R. Biden) and January 2021 (Biden’s inauguration). The conducted analysis focuses on the verbal and visual argumentation on the aforementioned magazine covers and takes into account aspects such as typography, layout, intermodal connections between language and image, as well as verbal and visual intertextual references.

Corona-Life-Ticker als ein kommunikatives Phänomen auf deutschen Nachrichtenportalen

ANNA KAPUŚCIŃSKA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, many German news portals began to use ‘live’ tickers to report on the topic. Such tickers are not a new phenomenon, but the duration of their display (almost a year at the time of this research) should be
considered truly unprecedented. Previously, the events covered by ‘live’ tickers were not only shorter, but provided much more dynamic updates than during the pandemic. A classic example is a ticker for a sporting event, such as a football match, which lasts a little more than 90 minutes and describes the events on the pitch in real time. Even in the case of tickers relating to longer events, their duration typically does not exceed a few days. The use of a ‘live’ ticker with reference to the pandemic, however, creates a sharp dissonance between the convention and the reality. On the one hand, the convention of ‘live’ tickers demands relatively frequent updates to give the users the impression of staying informed. On the other hand, the months-long pandemic situation was insufficiently dynamic to sustain such frequent updates. For this reason alone, the ‘live’ pandemic tickers seem to be a perfect example of what Jean Baudrillard refers to as simulation. With a lack of new events to report, the tickers simulate activity by providing information on more general and less timesensitive aspects of the pandemic. While their publication may seem to violate the basic requirements of the text genre, they are necessary to maintain the publication frequency typical of ‘live’ tickers. Selected examples of such manipulation strategies are discussed in detail.

Wykorzystanie źródeł leksykograficznych i narzędzi korpusowych do różnicowania pojęć hasło i slogan

MARTA ŚLEZIAK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The article aims to present the differences between the terms catchword and slogan which, both in scientific studies and the common awareness of Polish language users are generally treated as synonyms in certain contexts (e.g. political and advertising).
To compare the use and scope of meaning of these two words, lexicographic sources (such as The Universal Dictionary of Polish Language and The Great Polish Dictionary) and language corpora (National Corpus of Polish, monitor corpus of web-based
Polish MoncoPL) were used. The analysis focused on comparing the frequency of occurrence of both words in different types and genres of texts and their connectivity. The findings showed that slogan – a word that has been present in the Polish
language for a longer time – has a broader range of meanings and is more often a centre of neutral and uninflected collocations in noun-noun combinations. Conversely, verb-noun combinations most often indicate the active action of the subject (chant, proclaim catchwords). The term slogan is more frequently encountered in pejorative contexts (e.g., stale, empty, and propaganda slogans). Additionally, verbnoun collocations suggest the serial, repetitive action of the subject (e.g., to repeat, to hurl, to spread slogans) and indicate the passivity of the recipient (e.g., to succumb, to believe slogans).

Upotocznienie języka jako sposób budowania narracji w biografii sportowca (na materiale biografii Roberta Lewandowskiego)

IWONA PAŁUCKA-CZERNIAK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The analysis serves to present the communication strategy used in building a narrative in the athlete’s biography, which involves changing the official language to an unofficial one, saturating the message with colloquialism and commonness, and
introducing elements of live speech into the written text. The phenomenon is presented with the example of the biography of the contemporary Polish footballer, Robert Lewandowski, written by Paweł Wilkowicz. The analysed implementation of the biography genre shows a cross-border approach to genological determinants. The text has muddled and blurred genre features. It concerns a living person and is created with his participation. It combines an objective, external narrative with a subjective, internal approach. The latter strategy allows for a purposeful, reflective definition of one’s own identity, its construction and creation. The difference, duality and contradiction between genres is consolidated in the text and language, and allows for reconstructing various strategies of talking about the book’s hero and his fate. Making the language of biography colloquial by saturating it with elements of live speech, lexis belonging to an unofficial variety of the language, colloquialism and expressiveness, and finally ensuring a smooth transition in the narrative from the language of the people interviewed to the language of the narrator, are related to the
specificity of a communicative community, and to the idea of which the biography is being written. It also results from the use of an interview as a form of obtaining information by a journalist, which contributes to the introduction of colloquiality and the abandonment of the official nature of the message.

ANDRZEJ CHARCIAREK, POLSKIE I CZESKIE NAPISY PUBLICZNE. STYLISTYKA I PRAGMATIKA, Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 258 s.

LUCIE JÍLKOVÁ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

JEAN-CLAUDE BOULANGER, DE LA CONCEPTION DU LEXIQUE À SA DICTIONNARISATION, Limoges : Lambert- Lucas, 2024, 600 pages.

GRZEGORZ MARKOWSKI — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

ANETTA GAJDA, ANITA PAWŁOWSKA-KOŚCIELNIAK, RAFAŁ ZARĘBSKI (RED.), NAZWA – STYL – TEKST. KSIĘGA JUBILEUSZOWA DEDYKOWANA PROFESOR ELŻBIECIE UMIŃSKIEJ-TYTOŃ, Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2023, 478 s.

URSZULA WÓJCIK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

BEATA DRABIK, CIAŁO – KULTURA – SACRUM. SEMANTYKA I PRAGMATYKA GESTU KULTOWEGO NA PRZYKŁADZIE WYBRANYCH KINEZYCZNYCH ZNAKÓW LITURGICZNYCH, Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2022, 532 s.

MARIA WOJTAK — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

PHILIP SEARGEANT, THE FUTURE OF LANGUAGE: HOW TECHNOLOGY, POLITICS AND UTOPIANISM ARE TRANSFORMING THE WAY WE COMMUNICATE, London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2024, 256 pp.

KATARZYNA MOLEK-KOZAKOWSKA — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In memoriam – prof. PhDr. Marie Krčmová, CSc. (24. 12. 1940 – 6. 3. 2023)

MICHAL KŘÍSTEK, SIMONA KHATEBOVÁ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Český stylistik Petr Mareš sedmdesátiletý

JANA HOFFMANNOVÁ — Thu, 20 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Hodnotové trajektórie štylistickej koncepcie profesora Jána Findru

VLADIMÍR PATRÁŠ — Tue, 25 Feb 2025 00:00:00 +0000