The efficiency of scientific and tourism activity of Polish National Parks with use DEA method
Robert RUSIELIK
Wojciech ZBARASZEWSKI
Abstract
Financial shortfalls are typical for protected areas (PA) in many countries. The data collected in the mid-90s of the twentieth century indicate that globally there is a deficit in the amount of $2.3 billion for efficient protection of PA. Therefore, there is a growing interest in accounting for PA costs and a need to increase the efficiency of using resources. The article described Polish National Parks (NP) and presented the analysis of efficiency of using their resources with DEA method. The research was conducted in the area of tourist and scientific activity, which, along with the protection of biodiversity is the essence of NP.
Keywords:
efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, nationals parks, protected areas, tourismReferences
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Ustawa o ochronie przyrody z 16.04.2004, Dziennik Ustaw z 2009 nr 151, poz. 1220 z późń. zm
Wenjun, L.; Xiaodong, G.; Chunyan, L. (2005). Hiking Trails and Tourism Impact Assessment in Protected Area. Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment 108: 279-293.
Zhang, B.; Bi, J.; Fan, Z.; Yuan, Z.; Ge, J. (2008). Eco-efficiency analysis of industrial system in China: A data envelopment analysis approach. Ecological Economics 68: 306-316.
Balmford, A.; Bruner, A.; Cooper, P.; Costanza, R.; Farber, S.; Green, R.E.; Jenkins, M.; Jefferiss, P.; Jessamy, V.; Madden, J.; Munro, K.; Myers, N.; Naeem, S.; Paavola, J.; Rayment, M.; Rosendo, S.; Roughgarden, J.; Trumper, K.; Turner, K. R. (2002). Economic Reasons for Conserving Wild Nature. Science 297: 950-953.
Banker, R.D.; Charnes, A.; Cooper, W.W. (1984). Some Models for Estimating Technical and Scale Inefficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis. Management Science 30: 1078–1092.
Bosetti, V.; Locatelli, G. (2006). A data envelopment analysis approach to the assessment of natural parks' economic efficiency and sustainability. The case of Italian national parks. Sustainable Development 14: 277-286.
Boucher, T. M.; Spalding, M.; Revenga, C. (2013). Role and Trends of Protected Areas in Conservation. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity: 485-503.
Buckley, R. (2002). Managing tourism in parks: Research priorities of industry associations and protected area agencies in Australia. Journal of Ecotourism 1: 162-172.
Chape, S.; Harrison, J.; Spalding, M.; Lysenko, I. (2005). Measuring the extent and effectiveness of protected areas as an indicator for meeting global biodiversity target. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B – Biological Sciences 360: 443–455.
Charnes, A.; Cooper, W.W., Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision making units. European Journal of Operational Research 2:429-444.
Coelli, T.; Rao, P.; Battese, G. (1998). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston-Dordrecht-London.
Coelli, T. (1996). A Guide to DEAP Version 2.1: A Data Envelopment Analysis (Computer) Program. The Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis, University of New England.
Cooper, W.W.; Seiford, M. L.; Kaoru, T. (2007). Data Envelopment Analysis: A Comprehensive Text with Models, Applications, References and DEA-Solver Software. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. New York.
Debreu, G. (1951). The Coefficient of Recourse Utilisation. Econometrica 19: 273–292.
Dudek, A.; Kowalczyk, A. (2003). Tourism in protected areas - Opportunities and threats. Prace i Studia Geograficzne 32: 117-140.
Dudley, N. (ed) (2008). Guidelines for applying protected area management categories. Gland Switzerland: IUCN. Page Bros, Norwich.
Dyckhoff, H.; Allen, K. (2001). Measuring ecological efficiency with data envelopment analysis (DEA). European Journal of Operational Research 132: 312–325.
Färe, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Lovell, A.K. (1995). Production Frontiers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Farrell M.J. (1957). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 120: 253–281.
GUS (2005). Ochrona Środowiska 2005. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny.
GUS (2010). Ochrona Środowiska 2010. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny.
Hof, J.; Flather, C.; Baltic, T.; King, R. (2004). Forest and rangeland ecosystem condition indicators: Identifying national areas of opportunity using data envelopment analysis. Forest Science 50: 473-494.
Holly, G.; Szary, B. (2010). Edukacja ekologiczna w polskich parkach narodowych – dane z lat 2008, 2009 [in:] Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, tom 18, Wydawnictwo Ośrodek Naukowo-Dydaktyczny BdPN, Ustrzyki Dolne.
James, A.; Gaston, K.J.; Balmford, A. (2001). Can we afford to conserve biodiversity? Bioscience 51: 43–52.
McDonald, R.I.; Boucher, T.M. (2011). Global development and the future of the protected area strategy. Biological Conservation 144: 383–392.
Naidoo, R.; Balmford, A.; Ferraro, P.J.; Polasky, S.; Ricketts, T.H.; Rouget, M. (2006). Integrating economic costs into conservation planning. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21: 681–687.
Nolte, Ch.; Leverington, F.; Kettner, A.; Marr, M.; Nielsen, G.; Bomhard, B.; Stolton, S.; Stoll-Kleemann, S.; Hockings, M. (2010). Protected Area Management Effectiveness Assessments in Europe: A review of application, methods and results. Bundesamt für Naturschutz, Federal Agency for Nature Conservation Konstantinstrasse, Germany.
Partyka, J. (2010). Ruch turystyczny w polskich parkach narodowych, Folia Turistica. Turystyka i ekologia 22: 9-23.
Poskrobko, B. (2005). Zarządzanie turystyką na obszarach przyrodniczo cennych. WSE Białystok.
Szary, B. (2012). Edukacja ekologiczna w polskich parkach narodowych w 2010 [in:] Roczniki Bieszczadzkie, tom 20, Wydawnictwo Ośrodek Naukowo-Dydaktyczny BdPN, Ustrzyki Dolne.
UN (2002). Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development. United Nations, New York: 51.
UN (2006). Resolution 61/203. International Year of Biodiversity, 2010. United Nations. New York.
UNEP (2010). Report of the Tenth Meeting of the Conference of the Paries to the Convention on Biological Diversity. UNEP/CBD/COP/10/27: 119.
Ustawa o ochronie przyrody z 16.04.2004, Dziennik Ustaw z 2009 nr 151, poz. 1220 z późń. zm
Wenjun, L.; Xiaodong, G.; Chunyan, L. (2005). Hiking Trails and Tourism Impact Assessment in Protected Area. Jiuzhaigou Biosphere Reserve, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment 108: 279-293.
Zhang, B.; Bi, J.; Fan, Z.; Yuan, Z.; Ge, J. (2008). Eco-efficiency analysis of industrial system in China: A data envelopment analysis approach. Ecological Economics 68: 306-316.
RUSIELIK, R., & ZBARASZEWSKI, W. (2020). The efficiency of scientific and tourism activity of Polish National Parks with use DEA method. Economic and Environmental Studies, 14(3 (31), 283–297. Retrieved from https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/ees/article/view/2883
Authors
Robert RUSIELIKAuthors
Wojciech ZBARASZEWSKIStatistics
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