Dostępność oraz korzystanie z usług przez wiejskie społeczności przygraniczne w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii
Kehinde O. POPOOLA
Susanne E. SPEAK
Abstrakt
Społeczności przygraniczne odgrywają strategiczną rolę w wielu krajach. Jednakże, pomimo tego faktu, wciąż aktualną, charakterystyczną cechą wielu z takich społeczności, szczególnie w Nigerii, jest zaniedbanie i niedorozwój. W oparciu o powyższy fakt zbadano poziom niedoboru usług i strategie radzenia sobie z nim przez społeczności przygraniczne w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii. Badanie wykazało, że większość mieszkańców obszarów wiejskich pogranicza (64,0%) zaopatruje się w wodę prosto ze strumieni i jest zmuszona do pokonania odległości 500 metrów lub więcej w celu zebrania wody. Podobnie większość z nich nie korzysta z toalet, lecz krzewów wokół swoich domów. Badanie pokazało również, że ludzie mogą regularnie przekraczać granice sąsiednich krajów, aby uzyskać dostęp do podstawowych usług, takich jak placówki opieki zdrowotnej. Jednocześnie, personel medyczny lub stażyści z sąsiednich krajów lub miast są wzywani w sytuacjach krytycznych lub poważnej chorobie, aby świadczyć usługi, których nie zapewnia rząd Nigerii. Rozwój obszarów przygranicznych Nigerii ma zatem ogromne znaczenie i musi stać się priorytetem w działaniach rozwojowych podjętych w tym kraju.
Słowa kluczowe:
access to services, rural communities, borderland communities, deprivation, South-Western NigeriaBibliografia
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Manzoor I., Hashmi N.R., Mukhtar F. (2009): Determinants and pattern of health care services utilization in post graduate students. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad 21(3):100-105.
Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2008) Abuja, Nigeria: National Population Commission and ICF Macro.
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Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC). (2004): Minimum standards for Basic Education in Nigeria.
Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (2008): Nigeria-Country Summary Sheet.
Weber A. (2012): Boundaries with issues: Soft Border Management as a solution? Perspective for Eastern Africa, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Africa Department, Berlin, Germany.
World Health Organization-United Nations Children Fund (WHO-UNICEF) (1978): Declaration of Alma Ata.
WHO & UNICEF (2010): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water.
WHO Press JMP (2004): Meeting the MDG Water and Sanitation Targets. Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) conducted by WHO and UNICEF.
Adejuyigbe O. (1989): Identification and characteristics of borderlands in Africa. In: Borderlands in Africa. A.I. Asiwaju, and P.O. Adeniyi, eds. University of Lagos Press, Nigeria, pp. 27-36.
Adepoju A. (2005): Creating a Borderless West Africa: Constraints and Prospects for Intra Regional Migration. Draft Article of Migration without Border Series. Human Resources Development Centre, Lagos, Nigeria.
Afolayan A.A. (2010): Trans-Border Movement and Trading: A case study of Borderline in the South-Western Nigeria” (in) IFRA Trans-Border Studied, Occasional Publication, No 13, African Book Builders Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Akinola S.R. (2007): Coping with Infrastructural Deprivation through Collective Action among Rural People in Nigeria. Nordic Journal of African Studies 16(1):30–46.
Bonchuchk M.O. (2014): European Transborder Paradigm: Its Relevance to the Nigeria – Cameroon Border integration in Nigeria” in Journal of Social and Development Issues 2011; 2(1):38-45.
Chakraborty N, Islam M.A, Chowdhury R.I, Bari W.W, Akhter H.H (2003): Determinants of the use of maternal health services in rural Bangladesh. Health Promotion International, 18(4): 327-337.
Nigerian National Planning Conference (1989): Development of border regions: proceedings of the Nigerian National Planning Conference, Durbar Hotel, Lagos, 10-12 August
National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Strategic Framework (2004), Federal Ministry of Water Resources.
Dada A.C. (2009): Sachet water phenomenon in Nigeria: Assessment of the potential health impacts, African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol.3 (1), pp. 015-021.
Folarin S.F., Olanrewaju F. and Ajayi L.A. (2014): “Rethinking Nigeria’s Strategic Relationship with its Immediate Neighbours”, European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 44 (5), pp. 451-463.
Gnanakan K., Jesssen P.D., Heeb J., Huba-mang E., Warner W., Refsgaard K., Stenstroem T.A., Guterstram B., Alsen K.W.(2004): Ecological Sanitation and Reuse of Wastewater. Ecosan. A Thinkpiece on ecological sanitation. Norway: The Agricultural University of Norway.
Ishaku H.T., Majid R.M., Ajayi A. and Haruna A. (2011): Water Supply Dilemma in Nigerian Rural Communities: Looking towards the Sky for an Answer. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 3, 598-606.
Kolawole D.O. and Torimiro O.D. (2006): Nigerian Poor Majority: Issues and Challenges in the 21st Century. Research Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1): 11-20, INSInet publication.
Manzoor I., Hashmi N.R., Mukhtar F. (2009): Determinants and pattern of health care services utilization in post graduate students. J. Ayub Med. Coll. Abbottabad 21(3):100-105.
Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2008) Abuja, Nigeria: National Population Commission and ICF Macro.
Onah H., Ikeako L., Iloabachie G. (2009): Factors associated with the use of maternity services in Enugu, south-eastern Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 63(7): 1870-1878.
The Sphere Project (2011): Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response, water supply standard 1: Access and water quantity. pp. 97–99.
Tandia A. (2007): Borders and Borderlands Identities: A Comparative Perspective of Cross-border Governance in the Neighbourhoods of Senegal, the Gambia and Guinea Bissau. African Nebula, Osogbo, Nigeria, Osun State University. No. 2, pp. 18–42.
UNICEF (2013): Nigeria Country Programme Document 2014 -2017.
Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC). (2004): Minimum standards for Basic Education in Nigeria.
Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (2008): Nigeria-Country Summary Sheet.
Weber A. (2012): Boundaries with issues: Soft Border Management as a solution? Perspective for Eastern Africa, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Africa Department, Berlin, Germany.
World Health Organization-United Nations Children Fund (WHO-UNICEF) (1978): Declaration of Alma Ata.
WHO & UNICEF (2010): Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water.
WHO Press JMP (2004): Meeting the MDG Water and Sanitation Targets. Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) conducted by WHO and UNICEF.
POPOOLA, K. O., & SPEAK, S. E. (2020). Dostępność oraz korzystanie z usług przez wiejskie społeczności przygraniczne w południowo-zachodniej Nigerii. Economic and Environmental Studies, 18(4 (48), 1335–1349. https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.48.9
Autorzy
Kehinde O. POPOOLAAutorzy
Susanne E. SPEAKStatystyki
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