Opinie omańskich uczniów i studentów dotyczące transportu publicznego: bodźce i antybodźce
Abdullah AMBUSAIDI
George MALANDRAKIS
Ahmet KILINC
Martin STANISSTREET
Edward BOYES
Neil TAYLOR
Abstrakt
Globalne przesunięcie zachowań transportowych w kierunku transportu prywatnego oddziałuje na środowisko na wiele sposobów, miedzy innymi poprzez emisję spalin, która z kolei przyczynia się do ogromnego problemu globalnego ocieplenia i potencjalnych zmian klimatycznych. To sugeruje potrzebę poprawy strategii zachęcających do większego wykorzystania transportu publicznego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ustalenie, jakie właściwości transportu publicznego mogą powodować spadek jego popularności, a które mogą działać jako czynniki motywujące do jego większego wykorzystania. Aby jednak uwidoczniło się to zachęcające oddziaływanie, użytkownicy transportu muszą uwierzyć w pozytywne cechy transportu publicznego i uznać je za istotne. Z kolei negatywne cechy, które przeważnie są uważane za znaczące, zwykle stanowią środek odstraszający. Komfort, bezpieczeństwo i krótki czas podróży zostały przez badanych uznane za istotne, lecz także ich poziom za niski w odniesieniu do transportu publicznego. Co zaskakujące, w kraju, w którym nowe, duże i drogie samochody osobowe stanowią powszechność, status społeczny kojarzony z różnymi sposobami przemieszczania się postrzegano jako mniej ważny i tylko kilku respondentów wierzyło, że podróżowanie transportem publicznym jest społecznie kompromitujące. Pojawiły się pewne różnice w odpowiedziach respondentów płci męskiej i żeńskiej, ponieważ komfort, bezpieczeństwo oraz czas podróży liczyły się dla większej liczby kobiet aniżeli mężczyzn. Z ekocentrycznego punktu widzenia, mimo że wielu badanych potwierdzało wagę negatywnego oddziaływania transportu prywatnego na globalne ocieplenie, tylko połowa wierzyła, że transport publiczny może się w jakiś sposób przyczynić do zmniejszenia tego problemu. Wiele zagadnień dotyczących omańskiego transportu publicznego ma charakter strukturalny, jednak edukacja nadal może odgrywać dużą rolę w zachęcaniu do korzystania z transportu publicznego.
Słowa kluczowe:
przekonania, zmiany klimatyczne, edukacja na rzecz środowiska, globalne ocieplenie, Oman, transport prywatny, transport publiczny, opinieBibliografia
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Ambusaidi, A.K.A.; Al-Rawahi, N.H.S. (2010). Promoting innovation and good practices in ESD: country case study - Sultanate of Oman. The Oman National Commission for Education, Culture and Science, Ministry of Education in co-operation with UNDESD Focal Point.
Ambusaidi, A.; Al-Zain, M. (2008). The science curriculum in Omani schools: Past, present and future. In Coll, R.; Taylor, N. (eds.). Science Education in Context: 85-97. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Ambusaidi, A.; Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M.; Taylor, N. (2012). Omani students’ views about global warming: beliefs about actions and willingness to act. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 21(1): 21-39.
Anable, J. (2005). ‘Complacent Car Addicts’ or ‘Aspiring Environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy 12: 65-78.
Beirao, G.; Cabral, J.A.S. (2007). Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy 14: 478-489.
Belwal, R.; Belwal, S. (2010). Public transportation services in Oman: A study of public perceptions. Journal of Public Transport 13(4), 1-21.
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Eriksson, L.; Foward, S.E. (2011). Is the intention to travel in a proenvironmental manner and the intention to use the car determined by different factors? Transportation Research Part D 16(5): 372-376.
Fellesson, M.; Friman, M. (2008). Perceived satisfaction with public transport service in nine European cities. Journal of the Transport Research Forum 47(3): 93-103.
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Haldenbilen, S.; Ceylan, H. (2005) The development of a policy for road tax in Turkey, using a genetic algorithm approach for demand estimation. Transportation Research Part A 39: 861-877.
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Nordlund, A.M; Garvill, J. (2003). Effects of values, problem awareness, and personal norm on willingness to reduce personal car use. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23: 339-347.
RAC (2004). RAC Report on Motoring 2004: Counting the cost, Cutting congestion. Feltham, RAC, UK.
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Soylu, S. (2007). Estimation of Turkish road transport emissions. Energy Policy 35: 4088-4094.
Stradling, S.G.; Meadows, M.L.; Beatty, S. (2000). Helping drivers out of their cars: Integration transport policy and social psychology for sustainable change. Transport Policy 7: 207-215.
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Tertoolen, G.; Kreveld, D.V.; Verstraten, B. (1998). Psychological resistance against attempts to reduce private car use. Transportation Research Part A 32(3): 171-181.
Van Exel, N.J.A.; Rietveld, P. (2010). Perceptions of public transport travel time and their effect on choice-sets among car drivers. Journal of Transport and Land Use 2(3): 75-86.
Van Vugt, M.; Van Lange P.A.M.; Meertens, R.M. (1996). Commuting by car or public transportation? A social dilemma analysis of travel mode judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology 26: 373-395.
Van Lange, P. A. M.; Van Vugt, M.; Meertens, R. M.; Ruiter, R. A. C. (1998). A social dilemma analysis of commuting preferences: the roles of social value orientation and trust. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28: 796–820.
Wainwright, R. (1998). The road to reason. The Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday March 24.
Walton, D.; Thomas, J.A.; Dravitzki, V. (2004). Notes and comments: Commuters’ concern for the environment and knowledge of the effects of vehicle emissions. Transportation Research Part D 9: 335-340.
Wardman, M., Hine, J.; Stradling, S. G. (2001). Interchange and travel choice. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Central Research Unit.
Ambusaidi, A.K.A. (2001). Oman. In: National Journeys towards Education for Sustainable Development. Co-ordinator Olivier Laboulle. Paris: UNESCO.
Ambusaidi, A.K.A.; Al-Rawahi, N.H.S. (2010). Promoting innovation and good practices in ESD: country case study - Sultanate of Oman. The Oman National Commission for Education, Culture and Science, Ministry of Education in co-operation with UNDESD Focal Point.
Ambusaidi, A.; Al-Zain, M. (2008). The science curriculum in Omani schools: Past, present and future. In Coll, R.; Taylor, N. (eds.). Science Education in Context: 85-97. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Ambusaidi, A.; Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M.; Taylor, N. (2012). Omani students’ views about global warming: beliefs about actions and willingness to act. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education 21(1): 21-39.
Anable, J. (2005). ‘Complacent Car Addicts’ or ‘Aspiring Environmentalists’? Identifying travel behaviour segments using attitude theory. Transport Policy 12: 65-78.
Beirao, G.; Cabral, J.A.S. (2007). Understanding attitudes towards public transport and private car: A qualitative study. Transport Policy 14: 478-489.
Belwal, R.; Belwal, S. (2010). Public transportation services in Oman: A study of public perceptions. Journal of Public Transport 13(4), 1-21.
Bonnett, M. (2002). Education for sustainability as a frame of mind. Environmental Education Research 8(1): 9-20.
Böhler, S.; Grischkat, S.; Haustein, S.; Hunecke, M. (2006). Encouraging environmentally sustainable holiday travel. Transportation Research Part A 40: 652-670.
Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M. (1997). The environmental impact of cars: Children’s ideas and reasoning. Environmental Education Research 3(3): 269-282.
Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M. (1998). Children’s ideas about cars and health: an environmental motivator? Transportation Research D 3(2): 105-115.
Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M. (2001). Perceptions of asthma: the views of young people. Health Education 101(6): 264-273.
Collins, C. M.; Chambers, S. M. (2005). Pscyhological and situational influences on commuter-transport-mode choice. Environment and Behavior 37(5): 640-661.
Darçın, E.S.; Darçın, M. (2009). Ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin araç emisyonlarından kaynaklanan çevre problemleri hakkındaki bilgi seviyeleri (Secondary school students’ knowledge levels about environmental problems caused by vehicle emissions). Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 29(2): 485-512.
Dawe, G.; Jucker, R.; Martin, S. (2005). Sustainable development in higher education: Current practices and future developments. Available at: http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/assets/York. Accessed 3 January 2010.
Eriksson, L. (2009). Determinats of car users’ switching to public transport for the work commute. Licentiate thesis. Karlstad University Studies 2009: 40
Eriksson, L.; Foward, S.E. (2011). Is the intention to travel in a proenvironmental manner and the intention to use the car determined by different factors? Transportation Research Part D 16(5): 372-376.
Fellesson, M.; Friman, M. (2008). Perceived satisfaction with public transport service in nine European cities. Journal of the Transport Research Forum 47(3): 93-103.
Flamm, B. (2009). The impacts of environmental knowledge and attitudes on vehicle ownership and use. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 14: 272-279.
Gardner, B.; Abraham, C. (2007). What drives car use? A grounded theory analysis of commuters’ reasons for driving. Transportation Research Part F 10: 187-200.
Gardner, B.; Abraham, C. (2008). Psychological correlates of car use: A meta-analysis. Transportation Research Part F 11: 300-311.
Golob, T.F.; Hensher, D.A. (1998). Greenhouse gas emissions and Australian commuters’ attitudes and behaviour concerning abatement policies and personal involvement. Transportation Research Part D 3(1): 1-18.
Graham-Rowe, E., Skippon, S., Gardner, B.; Abraham, C. (2011). Can we reduce car use and, if so, how? A review of available evidence. Transportation Research Part A 45(5): 401-418.
Haldenbilen, S.; Ceylan, H. (2005) The development of a policy for road tax in Turkey, using a genetic algorithm approach for demand estimation. Transportation Research Part A 39: 861-877.
Hillman, M., Stanisstreet, M.; Boyes, E. (1996). Enhancing understanding in student teachers: The case of auto-pollution. Journal of Education for Teaching 22(3): 311-326.
Hunecke, M., Blöbaum, A., Matthies, E.; Höger, R. (2001). Responsibility and environment: Ecological norm orientation and external factors in the domain of travel mode choice behaviour. Environment and Behaviour 33(6): 830-852.
Hungerford, H.R.; Volk, T.L. (1990). Changing learning behaviour through environmental education. Journal of Environmental Education 21: 8–12.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (1997). Executive Summary of the North American chapter on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001). Third Assessment Report. Available at: http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar. Accessed 10 June 2013.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007). Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Available at: http://www.ipc.ch/. Accessed 12 November 2007.
Johnson, S.P. (1993). The Earth Summit: The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). Graham and Trotman/Martinus Nijhoff: London.
Kilinç, A.; Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M. (2011). Turkish school students and global warming: beliefs and willingness to act. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education 7(2): 121-134.
Kilinç, A.; Malandrakis, G.; Seymen, H.; Boyes, E.; Stanisstreet, M. (in press). Vehicles for education: Turkish students’ beliefs and views about public transport. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education.
Leeson, E.; Stanisstreet, M.; Boyes, E. (1997a). Primary children’s ideas about cars and the environment. Education 3-13 25(2): 25-29.
Leeson, E.: Stanisstreet, M.; Boyes, E. (1997b). Children’s ideas about the environmental impact of cars: A cross age study. International Journal of Environmental Studies 52(1): 89-103.
Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs, Sultanate of Oman. (2010). Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Directorate-General of Nature Conservation. Available at: http://www.cbd.int/doc/world/om/om-nr-04-en.pdf: retrieved December 2012. Accessed 13 November 2013.
Ministry of Legal Affairs (2012). Royal decrees. Available at: www.mola.gov.om. Accessed 13 November 2013.
Nilsson, M.; Kuller, R. (2000). Travel behaviour and environmental concern. Transportation Research Part D 5: 211–234.
Nordlund, A.M; Garvill, J. (2003). Effects of values, problem awareness, and personal norm on willingness to reduce personal car use. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23: 339-347.
RAC (2004). RAC Report on Motoring 2004: Counting the cost, Cutting congestion. Feltham, RAC, UK.
Solana, J. (2008). Climate change and international security: paper from the High Representative and the European Commission to the European Council (S113/08). Available at:(http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/reports/99387.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2008.
Soylu, S. (2007). Estimation of Turkish road transport emissions. Energy Policy 35: 4088-4094.
Stradling, S.G.; Meadows, M.L.; Beatty, S. (2000). Helping drivers out of their cars: Integration transport policy and social psychology for sustainable change. Transport Policy 7: 207-215.
Stern, N. (2006). What is the Economics of Climate Change? Report to HM Government, Executive Summary. Available at: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/media/4/3/Executive_Summary.pdf. Accessed 7 March 2008.
Tertoolen, G.; Kreveld, D.V.; Verstraten, B. (1998). Psychological resistance against attempts to reduce private car use. Transportation Research Part A 32(3): 171-181.
Van Exel, N.J.A.; Rietveld, P. (2010). Perceptions of public transport travel time and their effect on choice-sets among car drivers. Journal of Transport and Land Use 2(3): 75-86.
Van Vugt, M.; Van Lange P.A.M.; Meertens, R.M. (1996). Commuting by car or public transportation? A social dilemma analysis of travel mode judgements. European Journal of Social Psychology 26: 373-395.
Van Lange, P. A. M.; Van Vugt, M.; Meertens, R. M.; Ruiter, R. A. C. (1998). A social dilemma analysis of commuting preferences: the roles of social value orientation and trust. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 28: 796–820.
Wainwright, R. (1998). The road to reason. The Sydney Morning Herald Tuesday March 24.
Walton, D.; Thomas, J.A.; Dravitzki, V. (2004). Notes and comments: Commuters’ concern for the environment and knowledge of the effects of vehicle emissions. Transportation Research Part D 9: 335-340.
Wardman, M., Hine, J.; Stradling, S. G. (2001). Interchange and travel choice. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Central Research Unit.
AMBUSAIDI, A., MALANDRAKIS, G., KILINC, A., STANISSTREET, M., BOYES, E., & TAYLOR, N. (2020). Opinie omańskich uczniów i studentów dotyczące transportu publicznego: bodźce i antybodźce. Economic and Environmental Studies, 14(2 (30), 97–123. Pobrano z https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/ees/article/view/2871
Autorzy
Abdullah AMBUSAIDIAutorzy
George MALANDRAKISAutorzy
Ahmet KILINCAutorzy
Martin STANISSTREETAutorzy
Edward BOYESAutorzy
Neil TAYLORStatystyki
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