Sharing Energy Resources of Eastern Mediterranean: Regional and Global Dynamics
Nesrin Demir
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8780-1219
Osman Tekir
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-0013
Аннотация
The newly discovered gas sources establish a political and economic ground for the formation of regional and global alliances in the Eastern Mediterranean. Although these new discoveries have the potential to alter the functioning of politics and the economy, current and past controversies, political instability, how natural gas will be shared between countries, and competition power of countries in natural gas market prevent natural gas production and exploration at the Eastern Mediterranean bay. On the other hand, in consequence of gas explorations that in the last decade, it is expected that in the near future there will be much more regional and global playmakers in the Eastern Mediterranean. Research, development and export speed of the gas reservoirs, each and every decision to be taken by the countries in the Eastern Mediterranean, will be the dynamic weighted decisions of the national
energy politics and regional politics. That's why, in this study, the lead energy players in the Eastern Mediterranean and their disagreements are investigated and, the goals and targets of the global powers on the energy resources available in the Eastern Mediterranean are analysed.
Библиографические ссылки
Baris, M. (2016). Russia Aims to Influence East Mediterranean Gas Projects' Timing. Available at: aaenergyterminal.com/newsRegion.php? 6. Accessed 30 December 30 2016.
Google Scholar
May Cohen, A. (2015). How the Eastern Mediterranean Could Supply Natural Gas to Europe. The Experts. Available at: https://blogs.wsj.com/experts/2015/04/03/how-the-eastern-mediterranean-could-supply-natural-gas-toeurope/. Accessed 3 April 2015.
Google Scholar
Bryza, M. (2016). U.S. Interest in the Eastern Mediterranean: Geopolitics Trump Control of Energy Resources. The Journal of Turkish Weekly May 7. http://www.eurasiareview.com/19012016-us-interests-in-easternmediterranean-geopolitics-trump-control-of-energy-resources-analysis/. Accessed 30 December 30 2016.
Google Scholar
Bonafe, E. (2014). Natural Gas Discoveries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Exploring Regulatory and Legal Frameworks. In: Andoura, S.; Karanyi, D. (eds.). Joint Report by the Egmont Institute and the Atlantic Council: Energy in the Mediterranean: Promise and Peril?: 77-85. Available at:http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf?type=pdf. Accessed 30 May 2014.
Google Scholar
Cohen, H. (2016). EU Looks to Eastern Mediterranean for Gas. Globes. Available at:http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-eu-looks-to-eastern-mediterranean-for-gas-1001120367. Accessed 4 June 2016.
Google Scholar
Cicekci, C. (2016). Background of the Turkey-Israel Clash (Turkiye Israil Yakinlasmasinin Arka Plani - In Turkish). Ortadogu Analiz 8 (72): 42-45.
Google Scholar
Cunnigham, N. (2015). Eni's Giant Gas Discovery Will Have a Significant Impact on Egypt, Global Gas Market. The Fuse: Igniting Conversation and Commentary about Energy. Available at: http://energyfuse.org/enis-giantgas-discovery-will-have-a-significant-impact-on-egypt-global-gas-market/. Accessed 30 December 2015.
Google Scholar
De Micco, P. (2015). In Depth Analysis Report: The Prospect of Eastern Mediterranean Gas Production: an Alternative Energy Supplier For the EU? European Parliament: Directorate General for External Policies. Policy Department. Available at:http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/briefing_note/join/2014/522339/EXPO-AFET_SP%282014%29522339_EN.pdf. Accessed 30 April 2015.
Google Scholar
DePersio, G. (2015). How Does the Price of Oil Affect Russia's Economy. Investopedia. Available at:https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/030315/how-does-price-oil-affect-russias-economy.asp. Accessed 3 March 2015.
Google Scholar
Di Faria, P. (2016). Eastern Mediterranean Energy Deals: Can They Change the Regional Picture. Available at:https://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia-online/article/eastern-mediterranean-energy-deals-can-they-changeregional-picture. Accessed 2 January 2016.
Google Scholar
El Katiri, L.; Fattouh, B. (2014). The East Mediterranean: The Middle East's Last Hydrocarbon Frontier. In: Andoura, S.; Karanyi, D. (eds.). Joint Report by the Egmont Institute and the Atlantic Council: Energy in the Mediterranean: Promise and Peril?: 9-15. Available at:http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf?type=pdf. Accessed 30 May 2014.
Google Scholar
Ellinas, C.; Roberts, J.; Tzimitras, H. (2016). Report of Atlantic Council Global Energy Center and DINU Patriciu Euroasia Center: Hydrocarbon Developments in the Eastern Mediterranean The Case for Pragmatism. Available at: http://www.css.ethz.ch/content/dam/ethz/special-interest/gess/cis/center-for-securities-studies/resources/docs/Atlantic%20Council-Hydrocarbon%20Developments%20in%20the%20Eastern_Mediterranean.pdf. Accessed 24 November 2017.
Google Scholar
Emam, A. (2016). Natural Gas Finds May Alter Mediterranean Geopolitics. The Arab Weekly 38: 18. Available at: http://www.thearabweekly.com/Economy/3278/Natural-gas-finds-may-alter-Mediterranean-geopolitics. Accessed 10 January 2016.
Google Scholar
Gunay, B. (2015). Will Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas Be Able to Resolve the Cyprus Issue? Available at:http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/will-eastern-mediterranean-natural-gas-be-able-to-resolve-the-cyprusissue-86746. Accessed 11 August 2015.
Google Scholar
Holland, A. (2015). Report of American Security Project: Energy and Geopolitics in the Eastern Mediterranean. Available at: https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Ref-0194-Energy-and-Geopolitics-in-the-Eastern-Mediterannean.pdf. Accessed 30 July 2015.
Google Scholar
Jin, W. (2016). Turkey's Natural Gas War. Available at: http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2016-04/24/content_38304102.htm. Accessed 24 April 2016.
Google Scholar
John, C. K. (2015). Can Turkmen Gas Disrupt Gazprom’s EU Market. Available at: http://www.silkroadreporters.com. Accessed 8 May 2015.
Google Scholar
European Council on Foreign Relations (2015). Europe's Alternatives to Russian Gas. Available at:http://www.ecfr.eu/article/commentary_europes_alternatives_to_russian_gas311666. Accessed 9 April 2015.
Google Scholar
Johnson, K.-R.; Alex-Zemenides, E. (2015). Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Coal and Steel of the 21.Century. The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Available at:https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/sites/default/files/EL%202015%20EnergyReport_v6.pdf, Accessed at June 30, 2015.
Google Scholar
Johnson, K. 2015. Report: China's Meltdown Spells even More Peril for Petro-States. Foreign Policy. Available at:http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/25/chinas-meltdown-spells-even-more-peril-for-petro-states-opec-russiavenezuela-iran/. Accesses 25 August 2015.
Google Scholar
Karagiannis, E. (2016). Shifting Eastern Mediterranean Alliances. The Middle East Quarterly 23 (March): 1-11, Available at: http://www.meforum.org/meq/pdfs/5877.pdf. Accesses 30 March 2016.
Google Scholar
Karbuz, S. (2014). How the Frame and Develop the Necessary Cross-Border Energy Infrastructure Between Cyprus, Turkey and Israel? In: Andoura, S.; Karanyi, D. (eds.). Joint Report by the Egmont Institute and the Atlantic Council: Energy in the Mediterranean: Promise and Peril?: 29-39. Available at: http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf?type=pdf. Accessed 30 May 2014.
Google Scholar
Le Bon, S. (2015). Turkey: A Future Energy Hub? Middle East News Service. Available at:https://middleeastnewsservice.com/2015/01/20/turkey-a-future-energy-hub/. Accessed 20 January 2015.
Google Scholar
Lidegaard, M.; Bildt, C. (2014). How Ukraine Should Change EU Energy Policy. Politica. Available at:https://www.politico.eu/article/how-ukraine-should-change-eu-energy-policy/. Accessed 17 March 2014.
Google Scholar
Ministry of National Infrastructure of Israel, Energy and Water Resources (2015). The Natural gas Sector in Israel.Available at:http://energy.gov.il/English/Subjects/Natural%20Gas/Pages/GxmsMniNGEconomy.aspx. Accessed 10 December 2015.
Google Scholar
Mirinova, I. (2015). Russia Could be the Biggest Casualty of Falling Oil Prices. Russia Direct. Available at:http://www.russia-direct.org/opinion/russia-could-be-biggest-casualty-falling-oil-prices. Accessed 25 August 2015.
Google Scholar
Mironova, I.; Roh, M. (2016). What US Energy Exports to Europe Mean for Russia. Russia Direct. Available at:http://www.russia-direct.org/analysis/what-us-energy-exports-europe-mean-russia. Accessed 10 March 2016.
Google Scholar
Nakhle, C. (2016). Politics, Economics Still Stifle Eastern Medirranean Gas. Available at:http://www.crystolenergy.com/politics-economics-still-stifle-eastern-mediterranean-gas/. Accessed 10 March 2016.
Google Scholar
Nir, A. (2016). Why Israel needs Turkey now more than ever. Al-Monitor. Available at: https://www.almonitor. com/pulse/originals/2016/01/israel-turkey-reconciliation-agreement-netanyahu-erdogan.html. Accessed 28 January 2016.
Google Scholar
Ozer, S. (2013). Energy Safety and Wars in Eastern Mediterranean (Dogu Akdeniz'de Enerji Guvenligi ve Enerji Savaslari – In Turkish). Middle Eastern Analysis (Ortadogu Analiz) 5 (60): 68-79.
Google Scholar
Roberts, J. (2014). The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum: Options and Challenges. In: Andoura, S.; Karanyi, D. (eds.). Joint Report by the Egmont Institute and the Atlantic Council: Energy in the Mediterranean: Promise and Peril?: 15-29. Available at: http://www.egmontinstitute.be/content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf?type=pdf. Accessed 30 May 2014.
Google Scholar
Ronen, G. (2016). Gas Finds May Lead to Israeli Alliance with Egypt, Greece. Israel National News. Available at:https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/206251. Accessed 13 January 2016.
Google Scholar
Sachs, Nathan-Boersma, T. (2015). The Energy Island: Israel Deals with Its Natural Gas Discoveries. Foreign Policy at Brookings 35 (February): 1-25. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Energy-Island-web.pdf. Accessed 28 February 2015.
Google Scholar
Scimia, E. (2015). ENI's Gas Discovery in Egypt Puts Pressure on Italian-Russian Energy Ties. Eurasia Daily Monitor 12 (166). Available at: https://jamestown.org/program/enis-gas-discovery-in-egypt-puts-pressure-on-italianrussian-energy-ties/. Accessed 16 September 2015.
Google Scholar
Sussex, M. (2012). Strategy, Security and Russian Resource Diplomacy. In: Freire, M.R.; Kanet, R.E. (eds.). Russia and Its Near Neighbors: 203-222. Palgrave MacMillian.
Google Scholar
Tagliapietra, S.; Zachman, G. (2015). Egypt Holds The Key To The Eastern Mediterranean's Gas Future. Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2015/11/29/egypt-holds-the-key-to-the-easternmediterraneans-gas-future/#77fe8d0c4b7b. Accessed 29 November 2015.
Google Scholar
Tagliapietra, S.; Zachman, G. (2015). Egypt: The Catalyst for a New Eastern Mediterranean Gas Hub? Brugel. Available at: http://bruegel.org/2015/11/egypt-the-catalyst-for-a-new-eastern-mediterranean-gas-hub/. Accessed 30 November 2015.
Google Scholar
TGRT Haber (2016). Turkey's rapprochement with Israel (Türkiye İsrail Yakınlaşması – In Turkish). Available at:http://www.tgrthaber.com.tr/dunya/turkiye-israil-yakinlasmasi-125481. Accessed 29 May 2016.
Google Scholar
Theodoulou, P. (2016). Cyprus Hydrocarbons: Analysis of the Strategic Development Options. Available at:http://www.eisourcebook.org/cms/February%202016/Cyprus%20hydrocarbon%20development.pdf. Accessed 20 February 2016.
Google Scholar
Tsafos, N. (2016). A U.S. Gas War with Russia? The Realities of Global Energy Market. Foreign Affairs. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2016-05-15/us-gas-war-russia. Accessed 15 May 2016.
Google Scholar
Ustun, N. (2016). Research Report: Energy Politics in the Eastern Mediterranean and its Impact on the Cyprus Negotiations (Dogu Akdeniz'de Enerji Politikalari ve Kibris Muzakelerelerine Etkisi - In Turkish). Konya Chamber of Commerce. Available at: http://www.kto.org.tr/d/file/dogu-akdenizde-enerji-politikalari-vekibris-muzakereleri---nazli-ustun.pdf. Accessed 30 January 2016.
Google Scholar
Weiss, M. (2015). Putin's Bad Day in Syria. The Daily Beast. Available at: https://www.thedailybeast.com/putinsvery-bad-day-in-syria. Accessed 25 November 2015.
Google Scholar
Wen, J. (2007). A Number of Issues Regarding the Historic Tasks in the Initial Stage of Socialism and China's Policy. 1st Ed.. In: Kissinger, H. (ed.). China: Xinhua, Translated in Turkish by Nalan Isik Ceper. Istanbul: Kaknüs Publications.
Google Scholar
World Energy Council (2016). World Energy Resources: Unconventional Gas, A Global Phenomenon. Available at: https://www.worldenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Unconventional-gas-a-global-phenomenon-World-Energy-Resources_-Full-report-.pdf. Accessed 30 December 2016.
Google Scholar
Zalel, Y. (2016). Israeli Gas has Wider Strategic Importance. Available at:https://www.naturalgasworld.com/theamerican-energy-secretary-says-global-natural-gas-use-to-grow-prices-to-remain-low-28967. Accessed 4 April 2016.
Google Scholar
Statistics
Скачивания
Лицензия
Copyright (c) 2020 Economic and Environmental Studies
Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование — На тех же условиях») 4.0 Всемирная.
