Pułapka średniego dochodu: porównanie Turcji i państw BRICS
Ahmet AY
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-9568
Gökhan AKAR
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-4052
Tuba AKAR
Abstrakt
Pojęcie pułapki średniego dochodu zajmuje miejsce pośród najczęściej poruszanych kwestii w literaturze poświęconej wzrostowi gospodarczemu. Istnieje wiele krajów, które nie są w stanie przejść do poziomu wysokiego dochodu i które utknęły w pułapce średniego dochodu. Państwa te pokonały barierę niskiego dochodu wskutek gwałtownego wzrostu, jednak gdy doszły do poziomu średniego dochodu, ich gospodarki zaczęły rosnąć w wolniejszym tempie i napotkały impas wynikający z nieodpowiedniej produktywności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przeanalizowanie zagadnienia pułapki średniego dochodu i porównanie pod tym względem Turcji oraz państw BRICS (Brazylii, Rosji, Indii, Chin i Republiki Południowej Afryki). W celu dokonania porównania uwzględniono takie czynniki, jak kapitał ludzki, edukację i innowację. Chociaż Turcja wykazała ostatnio znaczącą stopę wzrostu, istniejący kapitał ludzki i innowacje wydają się niewystarczające do przejścia do wysokiego dochodu. We wnioskach, w oparciu o porównanie z krajami BRICS, zaprezentowano sugestie dla polityki Turcji w celu uniknięcia pułapki średniego dochodu.
Słowa kluczowe:
pułapka średniego dochodu, kapitał ludzki, innowacja, BRICS, TurcjaBibliografia
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