Bioethical problems of medical intervention disturbing genetic and epigenetic determinants of human development
Alina T. Midro
Uniwersytet Medyczny w BiałymstokuHenryk F. Hoser SAC
Zespół Ekspertów KEP ds. BioetykiAbstract
Introduction to the practice of modern medical procedures disturbing genetic and epigenetic determinants of human development leading to genetic disorders and/or reduced survival as a result of congenital malformations raises a number of bioethical problems. Due to its genetic and biological basis of its functioning the human being is a human being from the conception. From the point of view of a clinical geneticist, procreation of a new human being is the creation of a new individual genome, that is database on the genetic information obtained from the parents through their reproductive cells and then starting the duplication and imprinting (labelling), and creating opportunities for its reading and modifying in the course of further development (gene expression and its regulation). In the article there are discussed problems arising from health risk, life and dignity of the child and their parents resulting from the use of in vitro fertilization methods.
Keywords:
bioethics, in vitro fertilization, genetic and epigenetic disordersReferences
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Olszewska M., Kurpisz M., Metylacja i jej rola regulacyjna wobec rodzicielskiego piętna genomowego, „Postepy Hig Med Dosw” 2010, 64, 642–649.
van Montfoort A.P., Hanssen L.L., de Sutter P., Viville S., Geraedts J.P., de Boer P., Assisted reproduction treatment and epigenetic inheritance, “Hum Reprod Update” 2012, 18, 2, 171–197.
Werler M.M., Starr J.R., Cloonan Y.K., Speltz M.L., Hemifacial microsomia: from gestation to childhood, ”J Craniofac Surg” Suppl 2009, 20, 664–669.
Wieczorek D., Ludwig M., Boehringer S., Jongbloet P.H., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Horsthemke B., Reproduction abnormalities and twin pregnancies in parents of sporadic patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum/Goldenhar syndrome, “Human Genetics” 2007, 121, 369–376.
White C.R., Denomme M.M., Tekpetey F.R., Feyles V., Power S.G., Mann M.R., High Frequency of Imprinted Methylation Errors in Human Preimplantation Embryos, „Sci Rep” 2015, 5, 17311. doi: 10.1038/srep17311.
Strony internetowe
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim (15.12.2014).
RekomendacjeCM/Rec(2010)11, https://wcd.coe.int//ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CM/Rec(2010)11&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=EDB
DanishFertilitySociety: http://www.fertilitetsselskab.dk/images/2014_dok/2013_resultater/dfs2013.pdf; (1.04.2014).
Barisic I., Odak L., Loane M., Garne E., Wellesley D., Calzolari E., Dolk H., Addor M.C., Arriola L., Bergman J., Bianca S., Doray B., Khoshnood B., Klungsoyr K., McDonnell B., Pierini A., Rankin J., Rissmann A., Rounding C., Queisser-Luft A., Scarano G., Tucker D., Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis and clinical features of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum: a registry-based study in Europe, “Eur J Hum Genet” 2014, 8, 1026–1033.
Bliek J., Alders M., Maas S.M., Oostra R.J., Mackay D. M., van der Lip K., Callaway J.L., Brooks A., van ‘t Padje S., Westerveld A., Leschot N.J., Mannens M.M.A.M., Lessons from BWS twins: complex maternal and paternal hypomethylation and a common source of haematopoietic stem cells, “Eur. J. Hum. Genet” 17(12), 1625–1634 (2009).
Boyle B., McConkey R., Garne E., Loane M., Addor M.C., Bakker M.K., Boyd P.A., Gatt M., Greenlees R., Haeusler M., Klungsøyr K., Latos-Bielenska A., Lelong N., McDonnell R., Métneki J., Mullaney C., Nelen V., O’Mahony M., Pierini A., Rankin J., Rissmann A., Tucker D., Wellesley D., Dolk H., Trends in the prevalence, risk and pregnancy outcome of multiple births with congenital anomaly: a registry-based study in 14 European countries 1984–2007, “BJOG – British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” 2013, 120, 6, 707–716.
Braude P., Selecting ‘the best’ embryos prospects for improvement, “Reproductive BioMedicine Online” 2013, 27, 644–653.
Chang A.S., Moley, K.H., Wangler M., Feinberg A.P. & DeBaun M.R., Association between Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and assisted reproductive technology: a case series of 19 patients, Fertil. Steril. 83, 349–354 (2005).
Cohen S.M., Ellwein L.B., Cell proliferation in carcinogenesis, “Science” 1990, 249, 1007–1011.
Cebrat S., Cebrat M., Człowiek przejrzysty, Wyd. Kubajak 2011.
Checa M.A., Alonso-Coello P., Solà I., Robles A., Carreras R., Balasch J., IVF/ICSI with or without preimplantation genetic screening for aneuploidy in couples without genetic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis, “J Assist Reprod Genet” 2009, 26, 273–283.
Esteves S.C., Bento F.C., Implementation of air quality control in reproductive laboratories in full compliance with the Brazilian Cells and Germinative Tissue Directive, “ReproductiveBioMedicine Online” 2013, 26(1), 9–21.
Hansen M., Kurinczuk J.J., Milne E., de Klerk N., Bower C., Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis, “ Hum Reprod Update” 2013, 19, 4, 330–353.
Hargreave M., Jensen A., Deltour I., Brinton L.A., Andersen K.K., Kjaer S.K., Increased risk for cancer among off-spring of women with fertility problems, “Int J Cancer” 2013, 1, 133, 5, 1180–1186.
Hershko-Klement A.1, Lipitz S., Wiser A., Berkovitz A., Reduced versus nonreduced twin pregnancies: obstetric performance in a cohort of interventional conceptions, “Fertility Sterility” 2013, 99(1), 163–167.
Kaatsch P. et al., Epidemiology of childhood cancer, “Cancer Treat Rev” 2010, 36, 277–285.
Kallen B., Finnstrom O., Lindam A. et al., Cancer risk in children and young adults conceived by in vitro fertilization, “Pediatrics” 2010, 126, 270–276.
Kandel E.R., A new intellectual framework for psychiatry, “Am J Psychiatry” 1998, 155, 4, 457–469.
Katari S., Turan N., Bibikova M., Erinle O., Chalian R., Foster M., Gaughan J.P., Coutifaris C., Sapienza C., DNA methylation and gene expression differences in children conceived in vitro or in vivo, “Hum Mol Genet” 2009, 18, 3769–3778.
Kochański A., Merritt T.A., Gadzinowski J., Jopek A., The impact of assisted reproductive technologies on the genome and epigenome of the newborn, “Journal Neonatal Perinatal Medicine” 2013, 6(2), 101–108.
Le Bouc Y., Rossignol S., Azzi S., Steunou V., Netchine I., Gicquel C., Epigenetics, genomic imprinting and assisted reproductive technology, “Ann Endocrinol (Paris)”, 2010, 71, 3, 237–238.
Ludwig M., Katalinic A., Groß S., Sutcliffe A., Varon R., Horsthemke B., Increased prevalence of imprinting defects in patients with Angelman syndrome born to subfertile couples, “J Med Genet” 2005, 42, 289–291.
Midro A.T., Niektóre zaburzenia genetyczne u dzieci wynikające z zastosowania procedur zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego in vitro, w: Otoczmy troską życie, Wydawnictwo Buk Białystok 2011, 81–93.
Midro A.T., Istnieć, żyć i być kochanym. Możliwości wspomagania dzieci z zespołami genetycznymi, Wydawnictwo Impuls, Kraków 2011.
Midro A.T., Istota życia człowieka z perspektywy lekarza genetyka, w: Otoczmy Troską Życie, Wydawnictwo Św. Jerzego, Białystok 2013, 11–18.
Midro A.T., Początek życia – genetyczne i epigenetyczne uwarunkowania ludzkiej prokreacji, w: Dla Życia. Księga Jubileuszowa z okazji XX–lecia istnienia Katolickiego Stowarzyszenia Lekarzy Polskich (1994–2014), KSLP Częstochowa 2014, 163–181.
Midro A.T., Klauzula sumienia z perspektywy lekarza genetyka klinicznego, w: Sprzeciw sumienia w praktyce medycznej – aspekty etyczne i prawne, Wyd. KUL Lublin, 2014, 173–184.
Midro A.T., Metody zapłodnienia pozaustrojowego in vitro jako przykład ingerencji medycznych wpływających na genetyczne i epigenetyczne uwarunkowania rozwoju człowieka, w: Dylematy ludzkiej płodności, Wyd Instytut Papieża Jana Pawła II, Warszawa 2015, 227–246.
Olszewska M., Kurpisz M., Metylacja i jej rola regulacyjna wobec rodzicielskiego piętna genomowego, „Postepy Hig Med Dosw” 2010, 64, 642–649.
van Montfoort A.P., Hanssen L.L., de Sutter P., Viville S., Geraedts J.P., de Boer P., Assisted reproduction treatment and epigenetic inheritance, “Hum Reprod Update” 2012, 18, 2, 171–197.
Werler M.M., Starr J.R., Cloonan Y.K., Speltz M.L., Hemifacial microsomia: from gestation to childhood, ”J Craniofac Surg” Suppl 2009, 20, 664–669.
Wieczorek D., Ludwig M., Boehringer S., Jongbloet P.H., Gillessen-Kaesbach G., Horsthemke B., Reproduction abnormalities and twin pregnancies in parents of sporadic patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum/Goldenhar syndrome, “Human Genetics” 2007, 121, 369–376.
White C.R., Denomme M.M., Tekpetey F.R., Feyles V., Power S.G., Mann M.R., High Frequency of Imprinted Methylation Errors in Human Preimplantation Embryos, „Sci Rep” 2015, 5, 17311. doi: 10.1038/srep17311.
Strony internetowe
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim (15.12.2014).
RekomendacjeCM/Rec(2010)11, https://wcd.coe.int//ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CM/Rec(2010)11&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=EDB
DanishFertilitySociety: http://www.fertilitetsselskab.dk/images/2014_dok/2013_resultater/dfs2013.pdf; (1.04.2014).
Midro, A. T., & Hoser SAC, H. F. (2019). Bioethical problems of medical intervention disturbing genetic and epigenetic determinants of human development. Family Forum, 5, 29–42. Retrieved from https://czasopisma.uni.opole.pl/index.php/ff/article/view/693
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Alina T. MidroAuthors
Henryk F. Hoser SACStatistics
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