Turystyfikacja zasobów mieszkaniowych historycznych dzielnic śródmiejskich. Przykład Krakowa

Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł

Uniwersytet Łódzki, Wydział Nauk Geograficznych, Instytut Geografii Miast i Turyzmu
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-9304

Abstract

Previously a domain of tourism studies, ‘tourismification’ (or ‘touristification’) has now become
present in urban studies. Although diverse empirical descriptions of the phenomenon and processes of
tourismification are still dominant, the article presents the stages of the development of the studies in this
area. The contemporary debate focuses on the consequences and externalities of the development of tourism in cities (new both in terms of the forms and the range). Special attention is given to tourismification of housing resources, which – as demonstrated on the example of Krakow’s city centre district – transforms them both visibly and invisibly. The spatial range of these changes is growing not only horizontally, but also vertically. These changes occur in accordance with various sequences and mechanisms. In spite of the context dependence of tourismification and different susceptibility of urban environments to it, for many, especially historic, cities it has become ‘the sign of the times’ in the second decade of the 21st century. At the same time, tourismification can be seen as a cause, tool or consequence of various interrelated processes observed in contemporary cities.

Keywords:

tourismification, housing resources, urban tourism, historic inner city, urban studies

AIRDNA: Airbnb dataset from Krakow. Access: 28.05.2019. https://www.airdna.com/
  Google Scholar

Cazes, Georges and Françoise Potier. 1996. Le tourisme urbain. Paris, France: Presses universitaires de France.
  Google Scholar

Colomb, Claire and Johannes Novy, eds. 2016. Protest and resistance in the tourist city. London: Routledge.
  Google Scholar

Dewailly, Jean-Michael and Émile Flament. 1993. Géographie du tourisme et des loisirs. Dossiers des Images
  Google Scholar

Economiques du Monde. Paris: SEDES.
  Google Scholar

Dumbrovská, Veronika. 2017. Urban tourism development in Prague: from tourist mecca to tourist ghetto. In:
  Google Scholar

Tourism in the City, eds. Bellini Nicola, Pasquinelli Cecilia, 275–283. Switzerland: Springer.
  Google Scholar

Dumbrovská, Veronika and Dana Fialová. 2014. Tourist intensity in capital cities in Central Europe: comparative analysis of tourism in Prague, Vienna and Budapest. Czech Journal of Tourism, 3(1), 5–26.
  Google Scholar

Dziegieć, Elżbieta. 1995. Urbanizacja turystyczna terenów wiejskich w Polsce. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis.
  Google Scholar

Turyzm, 5 (1), 5–51.
  Google Scholar

Ewidencja obiektów hotelarskich w województwie małopolskim. Access: 15.12.2018. https://bip.malopolska.pl
  Google Scholar

Freytag, Tim and Michael Bauder. 2018. Bottom-up touristification and urban transformations in Paris.
  Google Scholar

Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 443–460.
  Google Scholar

Ganzaroli, Andrea, Ivan De Noni and Peter van Baalen. 2017. Vicious advice: Analyzing the impact of TripAdvisor on the quality of restaurants as part of the cultural heritage of Venice. Tourism Management,
  Google Scholar

, 501–510.
  Google Scholar

Gotham, Kevin Fox. 2005. Tourism gentrification: The case of New Orleans’ Vieux Carré (French Quarter).
  Google Scholar

Urban Studies, 42(7), 1099–1121.
  Google Scholar

Górka, Zygmunt. 2004a. Krakowska dzielnica staromiejska w dobie społeczno-ekonomicznych przemian Polski
  Google Scholar

na przełomie XX i XXI wieku. Kraków: Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ.
  Google Scholar

Górka, Zygmunt. 2004b. Przemiany śródmieść miast polskich w dobie transformacji. In: Przemiany struktury
  Google Scholar

przestrzennej miast w sferze funkcjonalnej i społecznej, ed. Słodczyk Janusz, 79–85, Opole: WUO.
  Google Scholar

Gravari-Barbas, Maria and Sandra Guinand, eds. 2017. Tourism and gentrification in contemporary metropolises: International perspectives. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  Google Scholar

Gravari-Barbas, Maria. 2017. Super-gentrification and hyper-tourismification in Le Marais, Paris. In: Tourism
  Google Scholar

and gentrification in contemporary metropolises: International perspectives, eds. Gravari-Barbas Maria,
  Google Scholar

Guinand Sandra, 299–328. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  Google Scholar

Gravari-Barbas, Maria. 2018. Tourism as a heritage producing machine. Tourism Management Perspectives,
  Google Scholar

, 173–176.
  Google Scholar

Grochowski, Mirosław. 2015. Polityka miejska a ewolucja struktury funkcjonalno-przestrzennej miasta –
  Google Scholar

przypadek Warszawy. Prace i Studia Geograficzne, 60, 127–138.
  Google Scholar

Harvey, David.1989. From managerialism to entrepreneurialism: The transformation in urban governance
  Google Scholar

in late capitalism. Geografiska Annaler, 71B, 3–17.
  Google Scholar

Hoffman, Lily M., Susan S. Fainstein and Dennis R. Judd, eds. 2003. Cities and visitors. Regulating people,
  Google Scholar

markets and city space. Oxford: Blackwell.
  Google Scholar

Hoffman, Lily M. and Jiri Musil. 2009. Prague, tourism and the post-industrial city. A Great Cities Institute
  Google Scholar

Working Papers.
  Google Scholar

Jansen-Verbeke, Miriam. 1998. Tourismification of historical cities. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3),
  Google Scholar

–742.
  Google Scholar

Jansen-Verbeke, Miriam. 2007. Cultural resources and the tourismification of territories. The tourism research agenda: navigating with a compass. Acta Turistica Nova, 1(1), 21–41.
  Google Scholar

Jansen-Verbeke, Myriam and Jean-Michel Dewailly. 1999. Guest editorial: Geography and tourismification.
  Google Scholar

Tourism Geographies, 1(1), 3–6.
  Google Scholar

Judd, Dennis R. 1999. Constructing the tourist bubble. In: The tourist city, eds. Judd Dennis, Fainstein Susan,
  Google Scholar

–53. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  Google Scholar

Kádár, Bálint. 2018. Hotel development through centralized to liberalized planning procedures: Prague lost
  Google Scholar

in transition. Tourism Geographies, 20(3), 461–480.
  Google Scholar

Karwińska, Anna and Michał Kudłacz. 2017. Obszary ryzyka we współczesnych miastach w Polsce. Studia
  Google Scholar

Miejskie, 25, 9–29.
  Google Scholar

Koens, Ko, Albert Postma and Bernadett Papp. 2018. Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact
  Google Scholar

of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384.
  Google Scholar

Kowalczyk-Anioł, Joanna. 2015. Syndrom wenecki. Dysfunkcje współczesnej turystyki w miastach cennych
  Google Scholar

kulturowo. In: Przestrzeń w turystyce. Znaczenie i wykorzystanie, eds. Durydiwka Małgorzata, Duda-
  Google Scholar

-Gromada Katarzyna, 451–464. Warszawa: WGiSR UW.
  Google Scholar

Kowalczyk-Anioł, Joanna. 2018. Koncepcja gentryfikacji turystycznej i jej współczesne rozumienie. Prace
  Google Scholar

Geograficzne, 154, 35–54.
  Google Scholar

Kowalczyk-Anioł, Joanna. 2019a. Hipertrofia turystyki miejskiej - geneza i istota zjawiska. Konwersatorium
  Google Scholar

Wiedzy o Mieście, 4, 7–17.
  Google Scholar

Kowalczyk-Anioł, Joanna. 2019b. Urban tourism hypertrophy as a challenge for urban resilience (paper
  Google Scholar

presented during IGU Urban Commission Meeting Luxembourg: Urban Challenges in a complex World,
  Google Scholar

th-9th August 2019). https://www.unil.ch/igu-urban/home/menuinst/meetings/2019-luxembourg.html
  Google Scholar

Krakowski Rynek Nieruchomości 2017. 2018. Kraków: UMK. Accessed: 28.05.2019. https://www.bip.krakow.pl/
  Google Scholar

Krakowski Rynek Nieruchomości 2018. 2019. Kraków: UMK. Accessed: 28.05.2019. https://www.bip.krakow.pl/
  Google Scholar

Kruczek, Zygmunt. 2018. Turyści vs. mieszkańcy. Wpływ nadmiernej frekwencji turystów na proces gentryfikacji miast historycznych na przykładzie Krakowa. Turystyka Kulturowa, 3, 29–41.
  Google Scholar

Kubicki, Paweł. 2017. Wpływ studentyfikacji i turystyfikacji na społeczno-kulturową przestrzeń miasta.
  Google Scholar

Miasto. Pamięć i Przyszłość: Wrocławski Rocznik Samorządowy, 2, 63–73.
  Google Scholar

Kurek, Sławomir and Mirosław Wójtowicz. 2018. Reurbanisation in a post-socialist city: spatial differentiation
  Google Scholar

of the population in the Kraków area (Poland). Geographia Polonica. 91(4), 449–468.
  Google Scholar

Kurek, Włodzimierz and Mirosław Mika. Eds. 2008. Waloryzacja przestrzeni miejskiej Krakowa dla potrzeb
  Google Scholar

turystyki. Raport końcowy. Kraków: IGiGP UJ.
  Google Scholar

Liu, Rui. 2015. A review on overseas and Chinese studies on tourismification. Tourism Tribune, 30(2),
  Google Scholar

–117.
  Google Scholar

Majewska, Justyna, Tomasz Napierała and Maciej Adamiak. 2016. Wykorzystanie nowych technologii i informacji do opisu przestrzeni turystycznej. Folia Turistica, 41, 309–339.
  Google Scholar

Matoga, Łukasz and Aneta Pawłowska. 2018. Off-the-beaten-track tourism: a new trend in the tourism
  Google Scholar

development in historical European cities. A case study of the city of Krakow, Poland. Current Issues in
  Google Scholar

Tourism, 21(14), 1644–1669.
  Google Scholar

Mika, Mirosław. Ed. 2011, Kraków jako ośrodek turystyczny, Kraków: IGiGP UJ.
  Google Scholar

Novy, Johannes. 2019. Urban tourism as a bone of contention: four explanatory hypotheses and a caveat.
  Google Scholar

International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5, 63–74.
  Google Scholar

Novy, Johannes and Claire Colomb. 2019. Urban Tourism as a Source of Contention and Social Mobilisations:
  Google Scholar

A Critical Review. Tourism Planning & Development, 16(4), 358–375.
  Google Scholar

Pawlusiński, Robert. 2017. Ekonomia współdzielenia: istota zjawiska oraz wyzwania dla sektora turystyki
  Google Scholar

w miastach. In: Człowiek i jego działania: spojrzenie geografa: prace dedykowane Profesorowi Włodzimierzowi Kurkowi, eds. Drewnik Marek, Mika Mirosław, 179–191. Kraków: IGiGP UJ.
  Google Scholar

Pawlusiński, Robert and Magdalena Kubal. 2016. The Development of Hospitality Industry in Krakow: Historical Perspective. In: Tourism and Hospitality Management, eds. Kozak Metin, Kozak Nazmi, 159–171.
  Google Scholar

Emerald Group Publishing.
  Google Scholar

Plichta, Grażyna. 2018. The Problem of Short-term Rental as a Manifestation of the Overtourism Effect on
  Google Scholar

the Housing Market in the Historical City of Krakow. Świat Nieruchomości, 4 (106), 57–64.
  Google Scholar

Pinkster, Fenne M. and Willem R. Boterman. 2017. When the spell is broken: Gentrification, urban tourism
  Google Scholar

and privileged discontent in the Amsterdam canal district. Cultural Geographies, 24(3), 457–472.
  Google Scholar

Romańczyk, Katarzyna. 2018. Pułapki rewitalizacji. Przypadek Krakowa. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne,
  Google Scholar

(74), 5–25.
  Google Scholar

Russo, Antonio Paolo. 2002. The ‘vicious circle’ of tourism development in heritage cities. Annals of Tourism
  Google Scholar

Research, 29(1), 165–182.
  Google Scholar

Russo, Antonio Paolo and Alessandro Scarnato. 2018. “Barcelona in common”: A new urban regime for the
  Google Scholar

st-century tourist city? Journal of Urban Affairs, 40(4), 455–474.
  Google Scholar

Salazar, Noel B. 2009. Imaged or imagined? Cultural representations and the “tourismification” of peoples
  Google Scholar

and places. Cahiers d’études africaines, 49(193–194), 49–71.
  Google Scholar

Sequera, Jorge and Jordi Nofre. 2018. Shaken, not stirred: New debates on touristification and the limits of
  Google Scholar

gentrification. City, 22(5–6), 843–855.
  Google Scholar

Seweryn, Renata et al. 2017. Wpływ ekonomiczny turystyki na gospodarkę Krakowa. Kraków: Małopolska
  Google Scholar

Organizacja Turystyczna.
  Google Scholar

Sikora-Fernandez, Dorota. 2018. Rola zasobów mieszkaniowych w kształtowaniu kapitału terytorialnego.
  Google Scholar

Studia KPZK, 184, 265–274.
  Google Scholar

Sýkora, Luděk. 1999. Changes in the internal spatial structure of post-communist Prague. GeoJournal,
  Google Scholar

(1), 79–89.
  Google Scholar

Tracz, Mariola and Marcin Semczuk. 2018. Wpływ turystyki na zmianę funkcji przestrzeni miejskiej na
  Google Scholar

przykładzie Krakowa. Biuletyn KPZK, 272–284.
  Google Scholar

Wang, Ning. 2000. Tourism and modernity: A sociological analysis. Oxford: Pergamon.
  Google Scholar

Węcławowicz, Grzegorz. 2016. Urban development in Poland, from the socialist city to the post-socialist and
  Google Scholar

neoliberal city. Artificial Towns in the 21st Century. In: Social Polarisation in the New Town Regions of
  Google Scholar

East-Central Europe. Budapest: Institute for Sociology. Centre for Social Sciences Hungarian Academy
  Google Scholar

of Sciences, 65–82.
  Google Scholar

Wöhler, Karlheinz. 2011. Touristifizierung von Räumen. Kulturwissenschaftliche und soziologische Studien
  Google Scholar

zur Konstruktion von Räumen [Touristification of spaces. Cultural and social studies research on the
  Google Scholar

construction of spaces]. Wiesbaden: Springer-Verlag.
  Google Scholar

Wykaz krakowskich obiektów noclegowych niebędących obiektami hotelarskimi. Access: 15.12.2018. https://
  Google Scholar

www.bip.krakow.pl
  Google Scholar

Van der Borg, Jan, Paolo Costa and Giuseppe Gotti. 1996. Tourism in European heritage cities. Annals of
  Google Scholar

Tourism Research, 23(2), 306–321.
  Google Scholar

Van der Zee, Egbert, Dario Bertocchi and Dominique Vanneste. 2018. Distribution of tourists within urban
  Google Scholar

heritage destinations: a hot spot/cold spot analysis of TripAdvisor data as support for destination management. Current Issues in Tourism, 1–22.
  Google Scholar

Van der Zee, Egbert, Jan van der Borg and Dominique Vanneste. 2017. The destination triangle: Toward relational management. In: Knowledge Transfer to and within Tourism, eds. Noel Scott, Marcella de Martino,
  Google Scholar

Mathilda Van Niekerk, 167–188. London: Emerald.
  Google Scholar

Zborowski, Andrzej. 2005. Przemiany struktury społeczno-przestrzennej regionu miejskiego w okresie realnego
  Google Scholar

socjalizmu i transformacji ustrojowej (na przykładzie Krakowa), Kraków: IGiGP UJ.
  Google Scholar

Zborowski, Andrzej and Tomasz Chaberko. 2014. Demographic and social challenges for the historic inner
  Google Scholar

cities in central Europe. In: Enhancing competitiveness of V4 historic cities to develop tourism. Spatial-
  Google Scholar

-economic cohesion and competitiveness in the context of tourism, eds. Radics Zsolt, Pénzes Janos, 25–42.
  Google Scholar

Debrecen.
  Google Scholar

Zmyślony, Piotr, and Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł. 2019. Urban tourism hypertrophy: who should deal with it?
  Google Scholar

The case of Krakow (Poland). International Journal of Tourism Cities, 5(2), 247–269.
  Google Scholar


Published
2019-06-24

Cited by

Kowalczyk-Anioł, J. (2019). Turystyfikacja zasobów mieszkaniowych historycznych dzielnic śródmiejskich. Przykład Krakowa. Studia Miejskie, 35, 9–25. https://doi.org/10.25167/sm.1014

Authors

Joanna Kowalczyk-Anioł 
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1547-9304

Statistics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.


License

Copyright (c) 2019 Studia Miejskie

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.