FLOATING CITIES OF THE FUTURE - CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENTS ON WATER
CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENTS ON WATER
Abstract
Many of the challenges facing mankind today are accumulating in coastal areas. Changes in the natural and cultural environment necessitate the search for new forms of settlement. One solution is building on water. For many years, it has been the subject of deliberation, fantasy and utopian visions, and in the era of growing technological possibilities, it begins to be quite real. What are the experiences so far? What are architects and engineers proposing for the coming years? Will floating cities really solve the problems of today's world? This article tries to answer these questions; it provides an overview of up-to-date information on water-based construction and addresses its development. It describes the main arguments for creating floating cities, potential difficulties and guidelines for future projects.
Keywords:
climate change, sea-level rise, floating cities, future citiesReferences
Allen, Emma. 2018. Climate change and disappearing island states: Pursuing remedia territory. Brill Open Law, 1–23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/23527072-00101008
Google Scholar
Blue Frontiers. Materiały prasowe spółki Blue Frontiers.Dostęp: 23.04.2020. https://www.blue-frontiers.com/en.
Google Scholar
Booth, Robert. 2008. Pitfalls in paradise: why Palm Jumeirah is struggling to live up to the hype.Dostęp: 26.03.2020. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2008/apr/26/travelnews.
Google Scholar
Church, J.A et al. 2013.Sea Level Change. W: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, red. Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, P.M. Midgley. Cambridge/Nowy Jork: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Dockrill, Peter. 2019. Mysterious artificial islands in Scotland are thousands of years older than we thought.Dostęp: 25.03.2020. https://www.sciencealert.com/mysterious-artificial-islands-in-scotland-are-thousands-of-years-older-than-we-knew.
Google Scholar
Escaith, Hubert, Khorana, Sangeeta. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on merchandise trade in commonwealth countries. International Trade Working Paper 2021/02, London:Commonwealth Secretariat.
Google Scholar
Ghaffari, Karang et al. 2017. Construction of artificial islands in southern coast of the Persian Gulf from the viewpoint of international environmental law. Journal of Politics and Law,10 (2), 264–275.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p264
Google Scholar
Global Coral Reef Alliance. Biorock, Mineral Accretion Technology, Seament.Dostęp dnia 24.04.2020. http://www.globalcoral.org/biorock-coral-reef-marine-habitat-restoration.
Google Scholar
Hvidovre, Kommune. 2019. The government and Hvidovre municipality unveil plans for one of northern Europe’s largest, greenest and most innovative business districts.Dostęp: 27.03.2020. https://hvidovre.dk/Hvidovre/presse/pressemeddelelser/2019/01/Holmene-english.
Google Scholar
IOM, 2019.World Migration Report 2020, red. Marie McAuliffe i Binod Khadria.Genewa:International Organization for Migration.
Google Scholar
IPCC, 2019.Summary for Policymakers. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean andCryosphere in aChanging Climate, red. H.-O. Pörtner,D.C. Roberts,V. Masson-Delmotte,P. Zhai,M. Tignor,E. Poloczanska,K. Mintenbeck,A. Alegría, M. Nicolai, A.Okem,J. Petzold,B. Rama iN.M. Weyer. Genewa: IPCC.
Google Scholar
IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels andrelated global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, andefforts to eradicate poverty, red. V. Masson-Delmotte, P. Zhai, H. O. Pörtner, D.Roberts, J. Skea, P. R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J. B. R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M. I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, T. Waterfield. Genewa:Światowa Organizacja Meteorologiczna.
Google Scholar
IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, red. R.K. Pachauri i L.A. Meyer. 2014. Genewa: IPCC.
Google Scholar
Ko, Kelvin. 2015. Realising a floating city. A feasibility study of the construction of a floating city.Praca magisterska obroniona na Politechnice w Delft w czerwcu 2015 roku.
Google Scholar
Lutz, Wolfgang, KC, Samir. 2010. Dimensions of global population projections: what do we know about future population trends and structures? Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society B. 365 (2010), 2779–2791.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0133
Google Scholar
Magazzino, Cosimo et al. 2021. Waste generation, wealth and GHG emissions from the waste sector: Is Denmark on the path towards circular economy? Science of the Total Environment, 755.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142510
Google Scholar
Mimura, Nobuo. 2013. Sea-level rise caused by climate change and its implications for society. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B. Physical and biological sciences, 89, 281–300.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.89.281
Google Scholar
Ming Wang, Chien, Yung Tay, Zhi. 2011. Very Large Floating Structures: applications, research and development. Procedia Engineering, 14, 62–72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.07.007
Google Scholar
Moon, Changho. 2015. A study on the floating house for new resilient living. Journal of the Korean Housing Association. 26 (5), 97–104.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.6107/JKHA.2015.26.5.097
Google Scholar
Oceanix Ltd. Materiały informacyjne spółki Oceanix Ltd. Dostęp: 24.04.2020. https://oceanix.org.
Google Scholar
ONZ, 2019.World Population Prospects 2019. Dostęp 17.03.2021. https://population.un.org/wpp/Graphs/DemographicProfiles/Line/900.
Google Scholar
Orange, Richard. 2019.Artificial archipelago: Copenhagen plans floating Silicon Valley.Dostęp: 27.03.2020. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/mar/06/artificial-archipelago-copenhagen-plans-floating-silicon-valley.
Google Scholar
Pollock, Emily. 2019. UN brings back controversial floating city concept.Dostęp: 23.04.2020. https://www.engineering.com/BIM/ArticleID/18941/UN-Brings-Back-Controversial-Floating-City-Concept.aspx.
Google Scholar
Seasteading Institute. The Eight Great Moral Imperatives.Dostęp: 05.10.2021. https://www.seasteading.org/videos/the-eight-great-moral-imperatives.
Google Scholar
Shimizu Corporation. Ocean Spiral, deep sea future city concept.Dostęp: 21.04.2020. https://www.shimz.co.jp/en/topics/dream/content01.
Google Scholar
Shimizu Corporation. The Environmental Island, Green Float. Dostęp: 21.04.2020. https://www.shimz.co.jp/en/topics/dream/content03..
Google Scholar
Withers, Nicholas. 2020.Engineering feat of the month: Dubai’s Palm Islands. Dostęp: 26.03.2020. https://www.fircroft.com/blogs/engineering-feat-of-the-month-dubais-palm-islands-65019956026.
Google Scholar
Statistics
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Studia Miejskie
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.