https://doi.org/10.25167/FF/5076
Marriage and cohabitation are the two most common forms of partnership in Europe. We examined the extent to which marriage and cohabitation are studied from a demographic perspective and to identify differences across European countries. The methodology was established on a keyword search and four phases of preference indicator, based on which we selected 85 articles and incorporate them into the literature review. As determined by the literature review, we identified seven areas: Cohabitation, Marriage, Union Formation, Migrant Partnership Behavior, Fertility, Divorce, and Second Demographic Transition. The influence of society plays a significant role in forming the attitudes and aspirations of individuals in each area of life, and for some, even in the most important, which is starting a family and getting married or not, and on the other hand, in individual aspirations and modern lifestyles.
Download files
Cited by / Share
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Andersson, G., Obućina, O. and Scott, K. (2015) ‘Marriage and divorce of immigrants and descendants of immigrants in Sweden’. Demographic Research, 33(2), pp. 31–64. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.2
Google Scholar
Andreev, E.M., Churilova, E. and Jasilioniene, A. (2022) ‘Partnership Context of First Births in Russia: The Enduring Significance of Marriage’. European Journal of Population, 38, pp. 37–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-021-09600-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-021-09600-5
Google Scholar
Beaujouan, E´. (2016) ‘Second Unions Now More Stable than First? A Comparison of Separation Risks by Union Order in France’. European Journal of Population, 32, pp. 293–321. doi: 10.1007/s10680-016-9376-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-016-9376-2
Google Scholar
Berrington, A., Perelli-Harris, B. and Trevena, P. (2015) ‘Commitment and the changing sequence of cohabitation, childbearing, and marriage: Insights from qualitative research in the UK’. Demographic Research, 33(12), pp. 327–362. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.12
Google Scholar
Berrington, A. (2020) ‘Expectations for family transitions in young adulthood among the UK second generation’. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(5), pp. 913–935. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2018.1539276.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2018.1539276
Google Scholar
Bernardi, F. and Martínez-Pastor, J-I. (2011) ‘Divorce risk factors and their variations over time in Spain’. Demographic Research, 24 (31), pp. 771–800. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2011.24.31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2011.24.31
Google Scholar
Berghammer, C., Fliegenschnee, K. and Schmidt, E-M. (2014) ‘Cohabitation and marriage in Austria: Assessing the individualization thesis across the life course’. Demographic Research, 31(37), pp. 1137–1166. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.37
Google Scholar
Bhrolcháin, M.N. and Beaujouan, É. (2013) ‘Education and Cohabitation in Britain: A Return to Traditional Patterns?“ Population and Development Review, 39(3), pp. 441–458. doi: 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00611.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2013.00611.x
Google Scholar
Castiglioni, M. and Dalla Zuanna, G. (2009) ‘Marital and Reproductive Behavior in Italy After 1995: Bridging the Gap with Western Europe?“ European Journal of Population, 25, pp. 1–26. doi: 10.1007/s10680-008-9155-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-008-9155-9
Google Scholar
Castro-Martín, T., Domínguez-Folgueras, M. and Martín-García, T. (2008) ‘Not truly partnerless: Non-residential partnerships and retreat from marriage in Spain’. Demographic Research, 18(16), pp. 443–468. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.16
Google Scholar
Domínguez-Folgueras, M. and Castro-Martín, T. (2008) ‘Women’s changing socioeconomic position and union formation in Spain and Portugal’. Demographic Research, 19(41), pp. 1513–1550. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.41.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.41
Google Scholar
Di Julio, P. and Rosina, A. (2007) ‘Intergenerational family ties and the diffusion of cohabitation in Italy”. Demographic Research, 16 (14), pp. 441–468. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2007.16.14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2007.16.14
Google Scholar
Dudić, A. (2020) ”Mladi u Bosni i Hercegovini o braku i alternativnim oblicima partnerstva”. Društvene devijacije, 5(1), pp. 181–193. https://doi.org/10.7251/ZCMZ2001181D.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7251/ZCMZ2001181D
Google Scholar
Franke, S. and Kulu, H. (2018) ‘Mortality Differences by Partnership Status in England and Wales: The Effect of Living Arrangements or Health Selection?“ European Journal of Population, 34. pp. 87–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-017-9423-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-017-9423-7
Google Scholar
Frémeaux, N. and Leturcq, M. (2022) ‘Wealth Accumulation and the Gender Wealth Gap Across Couples’ Legal Statuses and Matrimonial Property Regimes in France’. European Journal of Population, 38, pp. 643–679. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09632-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09632-5
Google Scholar
Fulda, B.E. (2016) ‘The diversity in longitudinal partnership trajectories during the transition to adulthood: How is it related to individual characteristics and regional living conditions?“ Demographic Research, 35(37), pp. 1101–1134. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.37
Google Scholar
Gabrielli, G. and Hoem, J.M. (2010) ‘Italy’s Non-Negligible Cohabitational Unions’. European Journal of Population, 26, pp. 33–46. doi: 10.1007/s10680-009-9193-y.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-009-9193-y
Google Scholar
Gattig, A. and Minkus, L. (2021) ‘Does Marriage Increase Couples’ Life Satisfaction? Evidence Using Panel Data and Fixed-effects Individual Slopes’. Comparative Population Studies, 46, pp. 123–148. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2021-05.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2021-05
Google Scholar
Giddens, A. (1992) The Transformation of Intimacy: Sexuality, Love and Eroticism in Modern Societies. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
González, M.J., Miret, P. and Treviño, R. (2010) ‘Just Living Together’: Implications of cohabitation for fathers’ participation in child care in Western Europe’. Demographic Research, 23(16), pp. 445–478. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.16
Google Scholar
Hajnal, J. (1965) ‘European marriages patterns’. In: D. V. Glass and D. F. C. Eversley (eds.), Population in History (pp. xxx). London.
Google Scholar
Hannemann, T. and Kulu, H. (2015) ‘Union formation and dissolution among immigrants and their descendants in the United Kingdom’. Demographic Research, 33(10), pp. 273–312. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.10
Google Scholar
Hannemann, T.,Kulu, H., González-Ferrer, A., Pailhé, A., Rahnu, L. and Puur, A. (2020) ‘Partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in four European countries’. Population, Space and Place, 26(5), e2315. doi: 10.1002/psp.2315.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.2315
Google Scholar
Hiekel, N. and Keizer, R. (2015) ‘Risk-avoidance or utmost commitment? Dutch focus group research on cohabitation and marriage’. Demographic Research, 32(10), pp. 311–340. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.10
Google Scholar
Hiekel, N., Liefbroer, A.C. and Poortman, A-R. (2015). ‘Marriage and separation risks among German cohabiters: Differences between types of cohabiter’. Population Studies, 69(2), pp. 237–251, doi: 10.1080/00324728.2015.1037334.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1037334
Google Scholar
Hiekel, N., and Fulda, B.E. (2018) ‘Love. Break up. Repeat: The prevalence and stability of serial cohabitation among West German women and men born in the early 1970s’. Demographic Research, 39(30), pp. 855–870. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.30.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.30
Google Scholar
Hellstrand, J., Nisén, J. and Myrskylä, M. (2022) ‘Less Partnering, Less Children, or Both? Analysis of the Drivers of First Birth Decline in Finland Since 2010’. European Journal of Population, 38, pp. 191–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09605-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09605-8
Google Scholar
Hoem, J. M., Kostova, D., Jasilioniene, A. and Mures¸an, C. (2009) ‘Traces of the second demographic transition in four selected countries in central and eastern Europe: Union formation as a demographic manifestation’. European Journal of Population / Revue Europe´enne De De´mographie, 25, pp. 239–255. doi:10.1007/s10680-009-9177-y.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-009-9177-y
Google Scholar
Hoem, J.M., Gabrielli, G., Jasilioniene, A., Kostova, D. and Matysiak, A. (2010) ‘Levels of recent union formation: Six European countries compared’. Demographic Research, 22(9), pp. 199–210. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.22.9
Google Scholar
Hoem, J. M. and Mures¸an, C. (2011) ‘The Total Marital Fertility Rate and Its Extensions’. European Journal of Population, 27, pp. 295–312. doi: 10.1007/s10680-011-9237-y.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-011-9237-y
Google Scholar
Hoem, J.M., Jalovaara, M. and Mureşan, C. (2013) ‘Recent fertility patterns of Finnish women by union status: A descriptive account’. Demographic Research, 28(14), 409–420. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.28.14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.28.14
Google Scholar
Holland, J.A. (2013) ‘Love, marriage, then the baby carriage? Marriage timing and childbearing in Sweden’. Demographic Research, 29(11), pp. 275–306. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.11
Google Scholar
Impicciatore, R. and Billari, F.C. (2012) ‘Union Formation Practices, and Marital Stability: Evidence from Italy’. European Journal of Population, 28, pp. 119–138. doi:10.1007/s10680-012-9255-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9255-4
Google Scholar
Inanc, H. (2015) ‘Unemployment and the timing of parenthood: Implications of partnership status and partner’s employment’. Demographic Research, 32(7), pp. 219–250. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.7
Google Scholar
Isupova, O. (2015) ‘Trust, responsibility, and freedom: Focus-group research on contemporary patterns of union formation in Russia’. Demographic Research, 32(11), pp. 341–368. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.11
Google Scholar
Ivanova, K., Kalmijn, M. and Uunk, W. (2013) ‘The Effect of Children on Men’s and Women’s Chances of Re-partnering in a European Context’. European Journal of Population, 29, pp. 417–444. doi: 10.1007/s10680-013-9294-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-013-9294-5
Google Scholar
Ivkov Dzigurski, A., Vučković, S., Stajić, S., Sekulić, M., Bibić, L., Jovanov, J. and Dragin, A. (2023) ‘Attitudes of university students towards institution of a marriage”. Family Forum, 12, pp. 15–30. https://doi.org/10.25167/FF/4809.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.25167/FF/4809
Google Scholar
Jalovaara, M. and Fasang, A.E. (2015) ‘Are there gender differences in family trajectories by education in Finland?“ Demographic Research, 33(44), pp. 1242–1256. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.44.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.44
Google Scholar
Jónsson, A.K. (2021) ‘A Nation of Bastards? Registered Cohabitation, Childbearing, and FirstMarriage Formation in Iceland, 1994–2013’. European Journal of Population, 37, pp. 65–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09560-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-020-09560-2
Google Scholar
Kalmijn, M. (2011) ‘The Influence of Men’s Income and Employment on Marriage and Cohabitation: Testing Oppenheimer’s Theory in Europe’. European Journal of Population, 27, pp. 269–293. doi: 10.1007/s10680-011-9238-x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-011-9238-x
Google Scholar
Kalmijin, M. (2013) ‘The Educational Gradient in Marriage: A Comparison of 25 European Countries’. Demography, 50, pp. 1499–1520. doi: 10.1007/s13524-013-0229-x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0229-x
Google Scholar
Katus, K., Puur, A., Põldma, A. and Sakkeus, L. (2007) ‘First union formation in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Patterns across countries and gender’. Demographic Research, 17(10), pp. 247–300. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2007.17.10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2007.17.10
Google Scholar
Kiernan, K. (2004) ‘Redrawing the boundaries of marriage’. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, pp. 980–987. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00068.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2004.00068.x
Google Scholar
Klärner, A. (2015) ‘The low importance of marriage in eastern Germany – social norms and the role of peoples’ perceptions of the past’. Demographic Research, 33(9), pp. 239–272. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.9
Google Scholar
Klärner, A. and Knabe, A. (2017) ‘On the normative foundations of marriage and cohabitation: Results from group discussions in eastern and western Germany’. Demographic Research, 36(53), pp. 1637–1666. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.53.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.36.53
Google Scholar
Kleinepier, T. and de Valk, H. A.G. (2016) ‘Ethnic differences in family trajectories of young adult women in the Netherlands: Timing and sequencing of events’. Demographic Research, 35(24), pp. 671–710. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.24.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.24
Google Scholar
Keenan, K., Kenward, M.G., Grundy, E. and Leon, D.A. (2014) ‘The impact of alcohol consumption on patterns of union formation in Russia 1998–2010: An assessment using longitudinal data’. Population Studies, 68(3), pp. 283–303, doi: 10.1080/00324728.2014.955045.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2014.955045
Google Scholar
Kok, J. and Leinarte, D. (2015) ‘Cohabitation in Europe: a revenge of history?“ The History of the Family, 20(4), pp. 489–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2015.1067240.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2015.1067240
Google Scholar
Kravdal, Ø., Wörn, J. and Reme, B.A. (2022) ‘Mental health benefits of cohabitation and marriage: A longitudinal analysis of Norwegian register data’. Population Studies, 77(1), pp. 91–110, doi: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2063933
Google Scholar
Kulu, H. and Boyle, P.J. (2010) ‘Premarital cohabitation and divorce: Support for the ‘Trial Marriage” Theory?“ Demographic Research, 23 (31), pp. 879–904. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.31.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.31
Google Scholar
Kulu, H. (2014) ‘Marriage Duration and Divorce: The Seven-Year Itch or a Lifelong Itch?“ Demography, 51, pp. 881–893. doi:10.1007/s13524-013-0278-1.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-013-0278-1
Google Scholar
Kulu, H. and González-Ferrer, A. (2014) ‘Family Dynamics Among Immigrants and Their Descendants in Europe: Current Research and Opportunities’. European Journal of Population, 30, pp. 411–435. doi: 10.1007/s10680-014-9322-0.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-014-9322-0
Google Scholar
Kulu, H. and Hannemann, T. (2016) ‘Introduction to research on immigrant and ethnic minority families in Europe’. Demographic Research, 35(2), pp. 31–46. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.2
Google Scholar
Lampard, R. (2013) ‘Age at marriage and the risk of divorce in England and Wales’. Demographic Research, 29(7), pp. 167–202. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.7
Google Scholar
Lappegård, T. and Noack, T. (2015) „The link between parenthood and partnership in contemporary Norway – Findings from focus group research”. Demographic Research, 32(9), pp. 287–310. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.9
Google Scholar
Lersch, P.M. (2017) ‘The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited: Gender Disparities and Within-Individual Changes in Personal Wealth in Germany’. Demography, 54, pp. 961–983. doi: 10.1007/s13524-017-0572-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-017-0572-4
Google Scholar
Lesner, R.V. (2018) ‘The long-term effect of childhood poverty’. Journal of Population Economy, 31. pp. 969–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-017-0674-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-017-0674-8
Google Scholar
Lesthaeghe, R. and van de Kaa, D. J. (1986) ‘Twee demografische transities“. Bevolking: groei en krimp, pp. 9–24.
Google Scholar
Lesthaeghe, R. (2010) ‘The unfolding story of the second demographic transition’. Population and Development Review, 36, pp. 211–251. doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1728-4457.2010.00328.x
Google Scholar
Lesthaeghe, R. (2014) ‘The second demographic transition: A concise overview of its development’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 111(51), pp. 18112–18115. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.142044111.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1420441111
Google Scholar
Maenpaa, M. and Jalovaara, M. (2014) ‘Homogamy in socio-economic background and education, and the dissolution of cohabitin unions’. Demographic Research, 30(65), pp. 1769–1792. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.65.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.30.65
Google Scholar
Milić, A. (2001) Sociologija porodice, kritika i izazovi, Beograd: Čigoja štampa.
Google Scholar
Mavropoulos, G. and Panagiotidis, T. (2022) ‘Why Do Young Adults Retreat from Marriage? An Easterlin Relative Income Approach’. Comparative Population Studies, 47, pp. 57–86. https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2022-03.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12765/CPoS-2022-03
Google Scholar
Meggiolaro, S. and Ongaro, F. (2008) ‘Repartnering after marital dissolution: Does context play a role?“ Demographic Research, 19 (57), pp. 1913–1934. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.57
Google Scholar
Meggiolaro, S. and Ongaro, F. (2010) ‘The implications of marital instability for a woman’s fertility: Empirical evidence from Italy’. Demographic Research, 23(34), pp. 963–996. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2010.23.34
Google Scholar
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. and Altman, D.G. , The PRISMA Group (2009) ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement”. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
Google Scholar
Mooyaart, J.E. and Liefbroer, A.C. (2016) ‘The Influence of Parental Education on Timing and Type of Union Formation: Changes Over the Life Course and Over Time in the Netherlands’. Demography, 53, pp. 885–919. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0473-y.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13524-016-0473-y
Google Scholar
Mynarska, M., Baranowska-Rataj, A. and Matysiak, A. (2014) ‘Free to stay, free to leave: Insights from Poland into the meaning of cohabitation’. Demographic Research, 31(36), pp. 1107–1136. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.36.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.36
Google Scholar
Mureşan, C., Hărăguş, P-T., Hărăguş, M. and Schröder, C. (2008) ‘Romania: Childbearing metamorphosis within a changing context’. Demographic Research, 19 (23), pp. 855–906. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.23
Google Scholar
Nishikido, M., Cui, Q. and Esteve, A. (2022) ‘Partnership dynamics and the fertility gap between Sweden and Spain’. Genus, 78:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-022-00170-w.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-022-00170-w
Google Scholar
Pailhé, A. (2015) ‘Partnership dynamics across generations of immigration in France: Structural vs. cultural factors’. Demographic Research, 33(16), pp. 451–498. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.16
Google Scholar
Palumbo,L., Berrington, A., Eibich, P. and Vitali, A. (2022) ”Uncertain steps into adulthood: Does economic precariousness hinder entry into the first co-residential partnership in the UK?” Population Studies, doi: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2102672.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2022.2102672
Google Scholar
Perelli-Harris, B., Berrington, A., Sánchez Gassen, N., Galezewska, P. And Holland, A.J. (2017) ‘The Rise in Divorce and Cohabitation: Is There a Link?” Population and Development Review, 43(2), pp. 303–329. https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12063.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12063
Google Scholar
Perelli-Harris, B. and Blom, N. (2022) ”So happy together … Examining the association between relationship happiness, socio-economic status, and family transitions in the UK”. Population Studies, 76(3), pp. 447–464. doi:10.1080/00324728.2021.1984549.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2021.1984549
Google Scholar
Perez Amador, J. (2016). Continuity and change of cohabitation in Mexico: Same as before or different anew. Demographic Research, 35(42), 1245-1258. DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.42.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.42
Google Scholar
Poortman, A. and Kalmijn, M. (2002) ‘Women’s Labour Market Position and Divorce in the Netherlands: Evaluating Economic Interpretations of the Work Effect”. European Journal of Population, 18, pp. 175–202. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015520411449.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015520411449
Google Scholar
Potaˆrca˘, G., Mills, M. and Lesnard, L. (2013) ‘Family Formation Trajectories in Romania, the Russian Federation and France: Towards the Second Demographic Transition?” European Journal of Population, 29, pp. 69–101. doi:10.1007/s10680-012-9279-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-012-9279-9
Google Scholar
Prskawetz, A., Sobotka, T., Buber, I., Engelhardt, H. and Gisser, R. (2008) ‘Austria: Persistent low fertility since the mid-1980s”. Demographic Research, 19(12), pp. 293–360. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.12
Google Scholar
Pullin, A. S. and Stewart, G. B. (2006) ‘Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management”. Conservation biology, 20(6), pp. 1647–1656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00485.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00485.x
Google Scholar
Plakans, A. and Lipša, I. (2014) ‘Stigmatized cohabitation in the Latvian region of the eastern Baltic littoral: nineteenth and twentieth centuries’. The History of the Family http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2014.963640.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1081602X.2014.963640
Google Scholar
Perelli-Harris, B., Mynarska, M., Berghammer, C., Berrington, A., Evans, A., Isupova, O., Keizer, R., Klarner, A., Lappegard, T. and Vignoli, D. (2014) ‘Towards a deeper understanding of cohabitation: insights from focus group research across Europe and Australia’. Demographic Research, 31(34), pp. 1043–1078. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.34.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.34
Google Scholar
Pechholdová, M. and Šamanová, G. (2013) ‘Mortality by marital status in a rapidly changing society: Evidence from the Czech Republic’. Demographic Research, 29(12), pp. 307–322. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.12
Google Scholar
Rahnu, L., Sakkeus, L., Puur, A. and Klesment, M. (2015) ‘Partnership dynamics among migrants and their descendants in Estonia’. Demographic Research, 32(56), pp. 1519–1566. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.56.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.32.56
Google Scholar
Régnier-Loilier, A. (2016) ‘Partnership trajectories of people in stable non-cohabiting relationships in France’. Demographic Research, 35(40), pp. 1169–1212. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.40
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2016.35.40
Google Scholar
Rijken, A.J. and Liefbroer, A.C. (2009) ‘The Influence of Partner Relationship Quality on Fertility’. European Journal of Population, 25, pp. 27–44. doi:10.1007/s10680-008-9156-8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-008-9156-8
Google Scholar
Rutigliano, R. and Esping-Andersen, G. (2018) ‘Partnership Choice and Childbearing in Norway and Spain’. European Journal of Population, 34, pp. 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-017-9432-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-017-9432-6
Google Scholar
Sandström, G. (2017) ‘A reversal of the socioeconomic gradient of nuptiality during the Swedish mid-20th-century baby boom’. Demographic Research, 37(50), pp. 1625–1658. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.50.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2017.37.50
Google Scholar
Sapiro, P. (2020) ‘Religious Intermarriage in England and Wales: Differences in Individual and Area Characteristics of Endogamous and Exogamous Couples’. European Journal of Population, 36, pp. 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-019-09534-z.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-019-09534-z
Google Scholar
Schnor, C. (2014) ‘The Effect of Union Status at First Childbirth on Union Stability: Evidence from Eastern and Western Germany’. European Journal of Population, 30, pp. 129–160. doi: 10.1007/s10680-013-9304-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-013-9304-7
Google Scholar
Schnor, C. (2015) ‘Does waiting pay off for couples? Partnership duration prior to household formation and union stability’. Demographic Research, 33(22), pp. 611–652. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2015.33.22
Google Scholar
Sobotka, T. (2008) ‘Overview Chapter 6: The diverse faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe’. Demographic Research, 19(8), pp. 171–224. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.8.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.8
Google Scholar
Sobotka, T. and Toulemon, L. (2008) ‘Overview Chapter 4: Changing family and partnership behaviour: Common trends and persistent diversity across Europe’. Demographic Research, 19(6), pp. 85–138. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.6
Google Scholar
Steele, F., Kallis, C., Goldstein, H.aAnd Joshi, H. (2005) ‘The relationship between childbearing and transitions from marriage and cohabitation in Britain’. Demography, 42 (4), pp. 647–673. https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0038.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/dem.2005.0038
Google Scholar
Thane, P. (2013) ‘The changing legal regulation of cohabitation. From fornicators to family, 1600–2010’. Population Studies, 67, pp. 246–248. doi:10.1080/00324728.2013.788320.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2013.788320
Google Scholar
Thomson, E. and Eriksson, H. (2013) ‘Register-based estimates of parents’ coresidence in Sweden, 1969–2007’. Demographic Research, 29(42), pp. 1153–1186. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.42
Google Scholar
Van Houdt, K. and Poortman, A-R. (2018) ‘Joint lifestyles and the risk of union dissolution: Differences between marriage and cohabitation’. Demographic Research, 39(15), pp. 431–458. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.15.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.39.15
Google Scholar
Van de Kaa, D. J. (1987) Europe’s second demographic transition, Washington, D.C: Population Reference Bureau.
Google Scholar
Van den Berg, L., Neels, K. and Wood, J.(2021) ‘Socioeconomic preconditions to union formation: Exploring variation by migrant background’. Demographic Research, 45(32), pp. 973–1010. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2021.45.32
Google Scholar
Van den Berg, L. and Mortelmans, D. (2022) ‘Endogamy and relationship dissolution: Does unmarried cohabitation matter?“ Demographic Research, 47(17), pp. 489–528. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2022.47.17.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2022.47.17
Google Scholar
Vignoli, D. and Salvini, S. (2014) ‘Religion and union formation in Italy: Catholic precepts, social pressure, and tradition’. Demographic Research, 31(35), pp. 1079–1106. doi: 10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.35.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2014.31.35
Google Scholar
Vignoli, D., Matysiak, A., Styrc, M. and Tocchioni, V. (2018) ‘The positive impact of women’s employment on divorce: Context, selection, or anticipation?“ Demographic Research, 38(37), pp. 1059–1110. doi:10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.51.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.37
Google Scholar
Vitali, A. and Fraboni, R. (2022) „Pooling of Wealth in Marriage: The Role of Premarital Cohabitation’. European Journal of Population, 38, pp. 721–754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09627-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09627-2
Google Scholar
Vuletić, A. (2008) ‘Bračna politika u Kneževini Srbiji između tradicionalizma i modernizma“, Istorijski časopis, 57, pp. 283–298.
Google Scholar
Wachter, G.G. and de Valk, H.A.G. (2022) ‘Cohort Succession in the Timing of Marriage Among the Children of Turkish and Moroccan Immigrants’. European Journal of Population, 38, pp. 485–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09616-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09616-5
Google Scholar
Čikić, J. (2017) ‘Ljubav u postmoderno doba – savremena potreba za intimnošću i njene posledice po brak i porodicu’. Sociološki godišnjak, 12, pp. 113–131.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/SocGod1712113Q
Google Scholar
English
Język Polski
Deutsch
