Access to justice regarding plans and programmes related to the environment – Polish law in the light of Article 9.3 of the Aarhus Convention

Magdalena Bar

doi:10.25167/osap.5005

Opublikowane: 2023-07-16

Tom 21 Nr 1 (2023)

Access to justice regarding plans and programmes related to the environment – Polish law in the light of Article 9.3 of the Aarhus Convention

Magdalena Bar

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

Dział: Articles

https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.5005

Abstrakt

Artykuł 9.3 Konwencji z Aarhus nakazuje zapewnienie członkom społeczeństwa (spełniającym określone kryteria, jeśli dana Strona Konwencji takie określi) dostępu do procedury odwoławczej (dostępu do sądu) w celu kwestionowania działań lub zaniechań osób prywatnych lub władz publicznych naruszających postanowienia jej prawa krajowego w dziedzinie środowiska. Zgodnie z art. 2.4 Konwencji, za „członków społeczeństwa” należy uznać także organizacje pozarządowe.

Zgodnie z orzecznictwem Komitetu ds. Przestrzegania Konwencji z Aarhus, do działań władz publicznych objętych wymaganiami artykułu 9.3 Konwencji, należą m.in. przyjmowane przez te organy plany i programy, których realizacja może mieć wpływ na środowisko.

Zgodnie z przepisami prawa polskiego (często w ślad za wymaganiami prawa unijnego), organy administracji opracowują cały szereg takich planów i programów. Dokumenty te opracowywane są albo przez władze regionalne lub lokalne (organy samorządowe lub administrację rządową w województwie), albo na szczeblu centralnym.

Tymczasem prawo polskie daje bardzo ograniczone możliwości zaskarżania planów lub programów. W odniesieniu do dokumentów tworzonych na szczeblu centralnym możliwości takich nie ma w ogóle, a w odniesieniu do dokumentów tworzonych na niższych szczeblach – pewne, ograniczone, uprawnienia w tym zakresie przysługują tylko podmiotom prywatnym, których interes prawny został naruszony. Całkowicie wykluczona jest możliwość zaskarżania planów lub programów przez organizacje pozarządowe.

Sytuację taką należy uznać za niezgodną z Konwencją z Aarhus.

Inne teksty tego samego autora

Magdalena Bar, Jerzy Jendrośka, Dr Jan Jerzmański (1957-2021) , Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne: Tom 19 Nr 2 (2021)

Pobierz pliki

pdf

Zasady cytowania

Bar, M. (2023). Access to justice regarding plans and programmes related to the environment – Polish law in the light of Article 9.3 of the Aarhus Convention. Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne, 21(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.5005

Cited by / Share

Licencja

Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.

Bibliografia

The Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention) signed on 25 June 1998 in Aarhus, Denmark (publication in Poland: Journal of Laws No. 78, item 706).
Google Scholar

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (Official Journal C 202, 7/06/2016 P. 0047-0388).
Google Scholar

Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (Official Journal L 206, 22/07/1992 P. 0007-0050).
Google Scholar

Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe (OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p. 1-44).
Google Scholar

Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1-73).
Google Scholar

Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise (OJ L 189, 18.7.2002, p. 12-25).
Google Scholar

Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (OJ L 288, 6.11.2007, p. 27-34).
Google Scholar

Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (OJ L 312, 22.11.2008, p. 3-30).
Google Scholar

Commission Notice on Access to Environmental Justice. Communication from the Commission of 28.4.2017; C(2017) 2616 final.
Google Scholar

Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Improving access to justice in environmental matters in the EU and its Member States. Brussels,
Google Scholar

10.2020 COM(2020) 643 final.
Google Scholar

Act of 14 June 1960 – Code of Administrative Procedure (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 2000 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 8 March 1990 on community self-government (Journal of Laws of 2023, item 40).
Google Scholar

Act of 28 September 1991 on forests (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 672 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 13 October 1995 – Hunting Law (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 1173 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 5 June 1998 on province self-government (Journal of Laws 2022, item 1526).
Google Scholar

Act of 5 June 1998 on regional self-government (Journal of Laws of 2022, item 2094).
Google Scholar

Act of 27 April 2001 – Environmental Protection Law (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 2556 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act on 27 March 2003 on spatial planning and development Journal of Laws of 2022 item 503 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 16 April 2004 on Nature Protection (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 916 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 23 January 2009 on the governor and government administration in the region
Google Scholar

(Journal of Laws of 2022, item 135).
Google Scholar

Act of 14 December 2012 on waste (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 699 as amended).
Google Scholar

Act of 20 July 2017 – Water Law (Journal of Laws of 2022 item 2625 as amended).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2004/6, Kazakhstan).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2005/11, Belgium).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2006/18, Denmark).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2008/31, Germany).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2011/58, Bulgaria).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2011/61, United Kingdom).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2014/105, Hungary).
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee (ACCC/C/2014/120, Slovakia).
Google Scholar

Janecek, the Court of Justice, judgement of 25 July 2008 (C-237/07).
Google Scholar

Lesoochranárske zoskupenie, the Court of Justice, judgement of 8 March 2011 (C-240/09).
Google Scholar

Lesoochranárske zoskupenie, the Court of Justice, judgement of 8 November 2016 (C-243/15).
Google Scholar

Protect, the Court of Justice, judgement of 20 December 2017 (C-664/15).
Google Scholar

European Commission vs Poland, the Court of Justice, judgement of 2 March 2023 (C-432/21).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 28 June 2007 (II OSK 1596/06).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 14 April 2011, the Supreme Administrative Court (I OSK 5/11).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, decision of 8 October 2013 (II OZ 787/13).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 25 March 2014 (II OSK 355/14).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 5 November 2014 (II OSK 977/13).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 20 November 2014 (I OSK 1747/14).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 10 February 2017 (II OSK 1344/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 15 February 2017 (II OSK 1277/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 22 February 2017 (II OSK 1497/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 7 March 2017 (II OSK 1587/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 7 March 2017 (II OSK 1679/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 21 March 2017 (II OSK 2865/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 30 March 2017 (II OSK 1941/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 20 April 2017 (II GSK 1912/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 31 May 2017 (II OSK 2298/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 20 June 2017 (II OSK 2648/15).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 17 October 2017 (II OSK 2559/16).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, verdict of 14 November 2017 (II OSK 457/16).
Google Scholar

The Supreme Administrative Court, decision of 23 January 2018 (II OSK 3218/17).
Google Scholar

Secondary sources
Google Scholar

Bar, Magdalena, and Jerzy Jendrośka. 2020. Analiza prawna dotycząca prawidłowości wdrożenia wymagań konwencji z Aarhus. Raport Fundacji WWF Polska.
Google Scholar

Dauter, Bogusław, Bogusław Gruszczyński, Andrzej Kabat, and Małgorzata Niezgódka-Medek. 2009. Prawo o postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi. Komentarz. Warszawa.
Google Scholar

Ebbeson, Jonas, Helmut Gaugitsch, Jerzy Jendrośka, Stephen Stec, and Fiona Marshall. 2014.
Google Scholar

The Aarhus Convention. An Implementation Guide. United Nations. Geneva.
Google Scholar

Eliantonio, Mariolina, Chris W. Backes, Cornelis H. van Rhee, Taru N.B.M. Spronken, and
Google Scholar

Anna Berlee. 2013. Standing up for Your Right(s) in Europe. A Comparative Study on Legal Standing (Locus Standi) before the EU and Member States’ Courts. Cambridge–Antwerp–Portland: Intersentia.
Google Scholar

Fasoli, Elena, and Alister McGlone. 2018. The Non-Compliance Mechanism Under the Aarhus Convention as ‘Soft’ Enforcement of International Environmental Law: Not So Soft After All! Netherlands International Law Review 65: 27-53. DOI: 10.1007/s40802-018-0102-0.
Google Scholar

Hauser, Roman, and Marek Wierzbowski (eds.). 2011. Prawo o postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi. Komentarz. Warszawa.
Google Scholar

Jendrośka, Jerzy. 2011. Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee: Origins, Status and Activities. JEEPL 8(4): 301-314.
Google Scholar

Jendrośka, Jerzy. 2020. Access to Justice in the Aarhus Convention – Genesis, Legislative History and Overview of the Main Interpretation Dilemmas. Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 17(4): 372-408.
Google Scholar

Jendrośka, Jerzy, and Lorenzo Squintani. 2020. The Courts as Guardians of the Environment – New Developments in Access to Justice and Environmental Litigation, Environment & Climate Change Law ICLG.com.
Google Scholar

Koester, Veit. 2007. The Compliance Committee of the Aarhus Convention – An Overview of Procedures and Jurisprudence. Environmental Policy & Law 83: 83-96.
Google Scholar

Ryall, Áine. 2019. The Aarhus Convention: Standards for access to justice in environmental matters. Environmental Rights: The Development of Standards, (eds.) Stephen J. Turner, Dinah L. Shelton, Jona Razzaque, Owen McIntyre, James R. May, 116-146. DOI: 10.1017/9781108612500.006. Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar

Samvel, Gor. 2020. Non-Judicial, Advisory, Yet Impactful? The Aarhus Convention Compliance Committee as a Gateway to Environmental Justice. Transnational Environmental Law 9(2): 211–38. DOI:10.1017/S2047102519000426.
Google Scholar

Woś, Tadeusz, Hanna Knysiak-Molczyk, and Marta Romańska. 2005. Prawo o postępowaniu przed sądami administracyjnymi. Komentarz. Warszawa.
Google Scholar