A Just Energy Transition Through the lens of Third World Approaches in International Law

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a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:28:"University of Birmingham, UK";}

Abstrakt

Przechodzenie do zielonej energii wymaga podejścia absolutnego zaangażowania wszystkich podmiotów ze względu na fakt, że skutki zmian klimatycznych są odczuwane przez wszystkich. Jednakże charakter i typ zaangażowania czy odpowiedzialności, które są
niezbędne do zaistnienia w tym procesie, muszą być zróżnicowane z powodu różnych społeczno-
ekonomicznych wyzwań oraz pozycji na starcie, jakie zajmują poszczególne kraje.
Powyższa myśl tworzy fundament rozumienia problemu, jakie znalazło się w strategii przejścia do nowej energii zapisanej w Ramowej Konwencji Narodów Zjednoczonych w sprawie zmian klimatu (UNFCCC) w ramach porozumienia paryskiego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest odpowiedź na pytanie, czy przedstawienie i strategie „rozróżnienia”, jakie zawiera porozumienie paryskie, przyczyniają się do „sprawiedliwej” transformacji energetycznej. Zapewne
w strategii UNFCCC jest osadzone pojęcie „sprawiedliwego” przechodzenia do nowej energii,
które rozpoznaje wagę, jaką ma „sprawiedliwy i godziwy proces transformacji energetycznej” (Mccauley et al., 2018: 2). Jednakże autor niniejszej pracy, wykorzystując Podejścia Trzeciego Świata do Prawa Międzynarodowego (TWAIL), ukazuje, jak przedstawienie rozróżnienia i miękkie podejścia porozumień paryskich nie usuwają problemu niesprawiedliwej transformacji energetycznej i nie ujmują wieloaspektowych wyzwań rozwijających się potencjałów
państw afrykańskich w odniesieniu do tej transformacji. Autor stwierdza w pracy, że bieżąca inicjatywa i strategia transformacji energetycznej w ujęciu prawa międzynarodowego, w pogoni za uzyskaniem większej różnorodności, rozmywa rozumienie kwestii odpowiedzialności, gdy idzie o finanse oraz inwestycje w kierunku bieżącej transformacji oraz ekonomicznych
wydolności krajów. Bazując na powyższym założeniu, autor wykorzystuje społeczny kontekst Nigerii, aby zilustrować, co oznacza sprawiedliwa transformacja energetyczna dla kraju rozwijającego się, szczególnie w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej. Artykuł podzielony jest na trzy części. Pierwsza stanowi wstęp, druga przedstawia ideę transformacji energetycznej, ostatnia zaś zajmuje się ramą prawną i polityką transformacji energetycznej zawartej w porozumieniu
paryskim z 2015 r. i, ostatecznie, omawia problem strategii transformacji energetycznej z użyciem specyficznego prymatu TWAIL. W zakończeniu autor przedstawia zalecenia dla „sprawiedliwej” transformacji, która bilansuje społeczno-ekonomiczny rozwój krajów rozwijających się.

Słowa kluczowe:

Energy Justice, Energy Transition, Common but Differentiated Responsibilities, Third World Approaches to International Law

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Opublikowane
2023-12-12

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ALFRED, L. (2023). A Just Energy Transition Through the lens of Third World Approaches in International Law. Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne, 21(2), 9–41. https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.5258

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