Liturgia Wielkiego Tygodnia i Wielkanocy w łacińskim Królestwie Jerozolimskim
Bartłomiej Dźwigała
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Instytut HistoriiAbstract
The aim of this article is to examine the Easter liturgy in crusader Jerusalem and to put this liturgy into context of the political culture in the Latin Kingdom. The main question is the Easter liturgy affected the life of the society in Latin East. In the first part liturgical evidence is examined in order to present the shape of the Latin liturgical order regarding the Holy Week and Easter celebrations. In the second part, basing on narrative evidence, it is showed how deeply the political and religious culture in crusader monarchy were associated with the Easter liturgy. It is argued that the Easter liturgy played crucial role in Latin Kingdom and that this centrality was depended on catholic spirituality.
References
Bibliografia
Źródła
Albert of Aachen. 2007. Historia Ierosolimitana. History of the Journey to Jerusalem. Red. Susan Edgington, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fulcheri Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana (1095-1127). 1913. Red. Heinrich Hagenmeyer. Heidelberg.
Guillaume de Tyr. 1986. Chronique. Red. R.B.C. Huygens, Tournhout: Brepols, 385.
Ihumena Daniela z ziemi ruskiej pielgrzymka do Ziemi Świętej (relacja z początku XI wieku). 2003. Tłum i red. Krzysztof Pietkiewicz i Joanna Grzembowska. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
Kohler Charles. 1900-1901. „Un Rituel et un Breviare du Saint-Sepulchre de Jerusalem (12e-13e siecle)”. Revue de l’orient latin 8, 383-469.
Melisende Psalter, British Library, Egerton MS 1139 [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=egerton_ms_1139_fs001r].
Peregrinationes tres. Seawulf, John of Würzburg, Theodericus. 1994. Red. R. B. C. Huygens, Turnhout: Brepols.
Pius XII. 1947. Mediator Dei, W Acta Apostolicae Sedis
Raymond d’Aguilers. 1969. Le „Liber” de Raymond d’Aguilers. Red. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris, 1969.
Sacramentary of Jerusalem, Biblioteque national de France, MS Latin 12056, 101 v, 102 r. [dostępny on-line pod adresem: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b90667252/f1.image.r=12056].
Opracowania
Baert Barbara. 2004. A Heritage of Holy Wood. The Legend of the True Cross in Text and Image. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Buchthal Hugo,Wormald Francis. 1957. Miniature Painting in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dondi Cristina. 2004. The Liturgy of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, A Study and a Catalogue of the Manuscript Sources. Turnhout: Brepols.
Folda Jaroslav. 1995. The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fulton Rachel. 2002. From Judgment to Passion. Devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, 800-1200. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gaposchkin M. Cecilia. 2016. „The Liturgical Memory of July 15, 1099. Between history, memory and eschatology”. W Remembering the Crusades and Crusading. Red. Megan Cassidy-Welch, 34-48. New York-London: Routledge,
Gaposchkin M. Cecilia. 2017. Invisible Weapons. Liturgy and the Making of Crusade Ideology. Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press.
Hamilton Bernard. 2014. Baldwin IV. Król trędowaty. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
John Simon. 2017. „Royal inauguration and liturgical culture in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1187”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 485-504.
Kantorowicz Ernst. 1946. Laudes regiae: A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Mediaeval Ruler Worship. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kaske R. E.. 1990. „Godfrey’s Vengeance for God on Good Friday: Alliterative ‘Morte Arthure’, 3430-1”. Medium Aevum 59 : 1, 128-133.
Kühnel Bianca. 1994. Crusader Art of the Twelfth Century: A Geographical, an Historical, or an Art‐Historical Notion?, Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag.
Linder Amnon. 1990. „The Liturgy of the Liberation of Jerusalem”. Mediaeval Studies 52, 110-131.
Linder Amnon. 2003. Raising Arms. Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols.
Mayer Hans Eberhard. 1972. „Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 26, 95-182.
Muir Lynette R. 1995. The biblical drama of medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Murray Alan V. 1998. „Mighty Against the Enemies of Christ: The Relic of the True in the Armies of the Kingdom of Jerusalem”. W The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton. Red. J. France, W. G. Zajac, 217-238. London: Routledge.
Murray Alan V. 2000. The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. A Dynastic History 1099-1125. Oxford: Prosopographica et Genealogica.
Naus James. 2018. Constructing Kingship. The Capetian Monarchs of France and the Early Crusades. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Pringle Denys. 2007. The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rubenstein Jay. 2011. Armies of Heaven. The First Crusade and the quest for apocalypse. New York: Basic Books.
Rubenstein Jay. 2017. „Holy Fire and sacral kingship in post-conquest Jerusalem”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 470-484.
Salvado Sebastian. 2011. The Liturgy of the Holy Sepulchre and the Templar Rite: edition and analysis of the Jerusalem Ordinal (rRme, Bib. Vat., Barb. lat. 659) with a comparative study of the Acre Breviary (Paris, Bib. Nat., ms. latin 10478). Praca doktorska: Stanford University.
Salvado Sebastian. 2017. „Rewriting the Latin liturgy of the Holy Sepulchre: text, ritual and devotion for 1149”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 403-420.
Shagrir Iris. 2015. „Adventus in Jerusalem: The Palm Sunday Celebration in Latin Jerusalem”. Journal of Medieval History 41, 1-21.
Starnawska Maria. 1996. „Krucjata i Ziemia Święta w duchowości zakonów krzyżowych w Polsce średniowiecznej”. Saeculum Christianum. Pismo historyczno-społeczne 3 : 1, 165-179.
Zöller Wolf. 2017. „The regular canons and the liturgy of the Latin East”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 367-383.
Źródła
Albert of Aachen. 2007. Historia Ierosolimitana. History of the Journey to Jerusalem. Red. Susan Edgington, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fulcheri Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana (1095-1127). 1913. Red. Heinrich Hagenmeyer. Heidelberg.
Guillaume de Tyr. 1986. Chronique. Red. R.B.C. Huygens, Tournhout: Brepols, 385.
Ihumena Daniela z ziemi ruskiej pielgrzymka do Ziemi Świętej (relacja z początku XI wieku). 2003. Tłum i red. Krzysztof Pietkiewicz i Joanna Grzembowska. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
Kohler Charles. 1900-1901. „Un Rituel et un Breviare du Saint-Sepulchre de Jerusalem (12e-13e siecle)”. Revue de l’orient latin 8, 383-469.
Melisende Psalter, British Library, Egerton MS 1139 [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=egerton_ms_1139_fs001r].
Peregrinationes tres. Seawulf, John of Würzburg, Theodericus. 1994. Red. R. B. C. Huygens, Turnhout: Brepols.
Pius XII. 1947. Mediator Dei, W Acta Apostolicae Sedis
Raymond d’Aguilers. 1969. Le „Liber” de Raymond d’Aguilers. Red. J.H. Hill, L.L. Hill, Paris, 1969.
Sacramentary of Jerusalem, Biblioteque national de France, MS Latin 12056, 101 v, 102 r. [dostępny on-line pod adresem: https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b90667252/f1.image.r=12056].
Opracowania
Baert Barbara. 2004. A Heritage of Holy Wood. The Legend of the True Cross in Text and Image. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Buchthal Hugo,Wormald Francis. 1957. Miniature Painting in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dondi Cristina. 2004. The Liturgy of the Canons Regular of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, A Study and a Catalogue of the Manuscript Sources. Turnhout: Brepols.
Folda Jaroslav. 1995. The Art of the Crusaders in the Holy Land. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fulton Rachel. 2002. From Judgment to Passion. Devotion to Christ and the Virgin Mary, 800-1200. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gaposchkin M. Cecilia. 2016. „The Liturgical Memory of July 15, 1099. Between history, memory and eschatology”. W Remembering the Crusades and Crusading. Red. Megan Cassidy-Welch, 34-48. New York-London: Routledge,
Gaposchkin M. Cecilia. 2017. Invisible Weapons. Liturgy and the Making of Crusade Ideology. Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press.
Hamilton Bernard. 2014. Baldwin IV. Król trędowaty. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Poznańskie.
John Simon. 2017. „Royal inauguration and liturgical culture in the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1187”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 485-504.
Kantorowicz Ernst. 1946. Laudes regiae: A Study in Liturgical Acclamations and Mediaeval Ruler Worship. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kaske R. E.. 1990. „Godfrey’s Vengeance for God on Good Friday: Alliterative ‘Morte Arthure’, 3430-1”. Medium Aevum 59 : 1, 128-133.
Kühnel Bianca. 1994. Crusader Art of the Twelfth Century: A Geographical, an Historical, or an Art‐Historical Notion?, Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag.
Linder Amnon. 1990. „The Liturgy of the Liberation of Jerusalem”. Mediaeval Studies 52, 110-131.
Linder Amnon. 2003. Raising Arms. Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols.
Mayer Hans Eberhard. 1972. „Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 26, 95-182.
Muir Lynette R. 1995. The biblical drama of medieval Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Murray Alan V. 1998. „Mighty Against the Enemies of Christ: The Relic of the True in the Armies of the Kingdom of Jerusalem”. W The Crusades and Their Sources: Essays Presented to Bernard Hamilton. Red. J. France, W. G. Zajac, 217-238. London: Routledge.
Murray Alan V. 2000. The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. A Dynastic History 1099-1125. Oxford: Prosopographica et Genealogica.
Naus James. 2018. Constructing Kingship. The Capetian Monarchs of France and the Early Crusades. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Pringle Denys. 2007. The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. The City of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rubenstein Jay. 2011. Armies of Heaven. The First Crusade and the quest for apocalypse. New York: Basic Books.
Rubenstein Jay. 2017. „Holy Fire and sacral kingship in post-conquest Jerusalem”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 470-484.
Salvado Sebastian. 2011. The Liturgy of the Holy Sepulchre and the Templar Rite: edition and analysis of the Jerusalem Ordinal (rRme, Bib. Vat., Barb. lat. 659) with a comparative study of the Acre Breviary (Paris, Bib. Nat., ms. latin 10478). Praca doktorska: Stanford University.
Salvado Sebastian. 2017. „Rewriting the Latin liturgy of the Holy Sepulchre: text, ritual and devotion for 1149”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 403-420.
Shagrir Iris. 2015. „Adventus in Jerusalem: The Palm Sunday Celebration in Latin Jerusalem”. Journal of Medieval History 41, 1-21.
Starnawska Maria. 1996. „Krucjata i Ziemia Święta w duchowości zakonów krzyżowych w Polsce średniowiecznej”. Saeculum Christianum. Pismo historyczno-społeczne 3 : 1, 165-179.
Zöller Wolf. 2017. „The regular canons and the liturgy of the Latin East”. Journal of Medieval History 43 : 4, 367-383.
Dźwigała, B. (2020). Liturgia Wielkiego Tygodnia i Wielkanocy w łacińskim Królestwie Jerozolimskim. Liturgia Sacra. Liturgia - Musica - Ars, 55(1), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.25167/ls.1905
Authors
Bartłomiej DźwigałaStatistics
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