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    Published: 2021-11-18
    Vol. 19 No. 3 (2021)

    The idea of a strong government in the Polish political-legal thought at the beginning of Polish independence

    Maciej Wojtacki
    The Opole Studies in Administration and Law
    Section: Articles
    DOI https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.3439

    Abstract

    In the opinions which were commonly presented by pre-war lawyers and historians,
    the institutional system of the state growing out of the provisions of the March
    constitution (1921) was based on the constitution of the Third French Republic (1875). By
    the same token, it copied and even deepened some of the failings of the French system,
    including the weakness of the executive dominated by the parliament, particularly by its
    lower chamber.
    The article presents the major conditions for the creation of the executive power in the
    first Polish twentieth-century constitution. The basis for these deliberations was reference to
    the traditions of two Polish historical schools which were shaped in the partition period, representing
    pessimistic and optimistic visions of the Polish history before the fall of the state.
    It was shown that the adopted model of the executive, despite the original declarations,
    broke with the categorical order derived from the political tradition of the Third May
    Constitution which was constituted by the idea of a strong government. It was caused by
    personal animosities and the lack of steady political consensus on the establishment of the
    first cabinets of the Second Polish Republic and it subsequently led to a deep crisis in the
    state institutions, the consequence of which was the May Coup carried out by Marshal Józef
    Pilsudski and the imposition of a quasi authoritarian regime.

    Keywords:

    the executive power, political thought, the Second Republic of Poland, political institution, constitutionalism

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    Citation rules

    Wojtacki, M. (2021). The idea of a strong government in the Polish political-legal thought at the beginning of Polish independence. The Opole Studies in Administration and Law, 19(3), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.25167/osap.3439

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