Abstract

On 13 and 14 April, the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Opole hosted the academic conference “The Model of Presidency – Where We Are, Where We Are Heading For”. December 2025 marks the 35th anniversary of the first free, equal, universal, and secret ballot election for the office of the President of the Republic of Poland. This milestone anniversary provided a pretext for holding a debate on the functioning of the institution of the President under Polish law, as well as for reflections on how the model of
presidency enshrined in the 1997 Constitution of the RP works in practice. The conference focused on four research areas: the experience of the presidential elections over the past
35 years, the model of executive dualism in cohabitation, personal powers of the president, and an attempt to answer the question concerning the direction in which the model of
presidency is evolving in light of systemic challenges related to the functioning and competences of public authorities against the backdrop of the principle of separation of powers.