Revolutionary Action Movement i genealogia radykalnego czarnego nacjonalizmu: od ruchu praw obywatelskich do internacjonalizmu trzecioświatowego

Sebastian Urbaniak

doi:10.25167/sk.6100

Опубликовано: 2025-12-31

№ 14 (2025)

Revolutionary Action Movement i genealogia radykalnego czarnego nacjonalizmu: od ruchu praw obywatelskich do internacjonalizmu trzecioświatowego

Sebastian Urbaniak

Studia Krytyczne/Critical Studies

Раздел: Temat numeru

https://doi.org/10.25167/sk.6100

Аннотация

Artykuł analizuje genezę, działalność i ideologiczną ewolucję Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM) — jednej z kluczowych, choć często pomijanych organizacji radykalnego czarnego ruchu wyzwoleńczego w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Autor ukazuje RAM jako łącznik między liberalnym ruchem praw obywatelskich a radykalnym nurtem Black Power, w którym doszło do syntezy marksizmu, czarnego nacjonalizmu i internacjonalizmu Trzeciego Świata. Powstałe w 1962 roku w środowisku studenckim Ohio Central State College RAM wyrosło z rozczarowania reformizmem NAACP i SCLC oraz z inspiracji myślą Malcolma X i Roberta F. Williamsa. Organizacja odrzuciła strategię non-violence, głosząc ideę rewolucyjnego nacjonalizmu i solidarności z antyimperialistycznymi ruchami Trzeciego Świata. Jej działalność — od kampanii edukacyjnych i protestów w Filadelfii po publikacje „Black America” i „Soulbook” — stanowiła intelektualne zaplecze dla przyszłych formacji, takich jak Black Panther Party. W centrum ideologii RAM znajdowało się przekonanie, że Afroamerykanie stanowią „naród w narodzie”, skolonizowany w ramach amerykańskiego kapitalizmu. Ich wyzwolenie wymagało rewolucji społecznej i kulturowej, łączącej walkę klasową z walką o samostanowienie. Inspiracje marksizmem, myślą Harolda Cruse’a, Frantza Fanona i Harry’ego Haywooda pozwoliły RAM stworzyć oryginalny model „czarnego internacjonalizmu”. Autor dowodzi, że mimo krótkiego istnienia RAM odegrało kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu nowoczesnego czarnego radykalizmu, łącząc antyrasizm z antykapitalizmem i antyimperializmem, a jego dziedzictwo pozostaje istotne dla współczesnych studiów nad dekolonializmem i teorią oporu.

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Urbaniak, S. (2025). Revolutionary Action Movement i genealogia radykalnego czarnego nacjonalizmu: od ruchu praw obywatelskich do internacjonalizmu trzecioświatowego. Studia Krytyczne/Critical Studies, (14), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.25167/sk.6100

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