Education as (de)humanization. A possibility for a creative dialogue between the social philosophies of Paulo Freire and Zygmunt Bauman
Julija Tuleikytė
Michael Hviid Jacobsen
Abstrakt
This article examines the works of two social critics – Paulo Freire and Zygmunt Bauman – with regard to the idea of education as a cause of dehumanization and/or humanization. The key terms and ideas the authors use in their critique of dehumanization
within social relations are compared: Freire’s concept of banking model of pedagogy is
analysed in contrast to Bauman’s philosopheme of adiaphorization. With both similar and
very different understandings of what it means to be human, the two authors search for
alternatives to the status quo and to power relations of human subjects being treated as
objects – be it, in Freire’s case, the oppressed in the 20th century Brazil or, in Bauman’s
case, the Holocaust victims in the 20th century and persons in the contemporary 21st century consumer society. The article aims at founding the thesis that both authors promote humanization, although in different ways, and that Bauman’s humanization through
metaphors is in times of liquid modernity a contemporary form of Freire’s modern critical
pedagogy. The article also aims to generally present Bauman’s conception of education as
the author so far has been much less introduced in educational sciences than Freire is,
and a comparison of their education philosophies reveals how modern and postmodern
principles of the two theories and their practical implications complement one another
and engage in a possibility for a creative dialogue.
##semicolon##
Paulo Freire##common.commaListSeparator## Zygmunt Bauman##common.commaListSeparator## education##common.commaListSeparator## critical pedagogy##common.commaListSeparator## humanization##common.commaListSeparator## metaphors##common.commaListSeparator## conscientização##common.commaListSeparator## deumanization##common.commaListSeparator## banking pedagogy##common.commaListSeparator## adiaphorization##submission.citations##
Bauman, Janina. 1986. Winter in the morning. London: Virago.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1966. “Three remarks on contemporary educational problems”. The
Google Scholar
Polish Sociological Bulletin 1: 76–89.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. (1967). “Some problems in contemporary education”. International Social
Google Scholar
Science Journal XIX: 325–337. Accessed: March 15, 2023, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/
Google Scholar
ark:/48223/pf0000018691.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1991a. Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1991b. ‘Social manipulation of morality: moralizing actors, adiaphorizing action’. In: Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1998a. Globalization: The human consequences. Cambridge: Polity
Google Scholar
Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1998b. Work, consumerism and the new poor. Buckingham: Open
Google Scholar
University Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 1999. Culture as praxis. London: Sage Publications.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. 2003. “Educational challenges of the liquid-modern era”. Diogenes 50(1):
Google Scholar
–26.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2005. “Education in liquid modernity”. The Review of Education,
Google Scholar
Pedagogy and Cultural Studies 27: 303–317.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2007. Consuming life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2008. The art of life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2009. Socialism: The active utopia. Routledge.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. 2011a. Collateral damage: Social inequalities in a global age. Cambridge:
Google Scholar
Polity Press.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. 2011b. Liquid modern challenges to education. Accessed: September
Google Scholar
, 2022, http://www.padovauniversitypress.it/system/files/attachments_field/liquidmodernchallengesbauman.pdf.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt, and Riccardo Mazzeo. 2012. On education: Conversations with Riccardo Mazzeo. Polity.
Google Scholar
Bauman, Zygmunt. and Julija Tuleikytė. 2014. “On indifference in society: Zygmunt
Google Scholar
Bauman interviewed by Julija Tuleikytė”. Problemos 85: 219–226.
Google Scholar
Best, Shaun. 2020. Zygmunt Bauman on education in liquid Modernity. London:
Google Scholar
Routledge.
Google Scholar
Collins, Dennis E. 1977. Paulo Freire: His life, works and thought. New York: Paulist
Google Scholar
Press.
Google Scholar
Darder, Antonia, Rodolfo D. Torres and Marta P. Baltodano, Eds. 2017. The critical
Google Scholar
pedagogy reader. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Davis, Mark. 2013. Liquid sociology: Metaphor in Zygmunt Bauman’s analysis of modernity. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 1972. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 1981. In: Vozes No. 79. Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro. Quoted in: Gaddotti,
Google Scholar
Moacir. 1994. Reading Paulo Freire: His Life and Work, 23–24. New York: State
Google Scholar
University of New York.
Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 2003. “From pedagogy of the oppressed”. In: The critical pedagogy reader, edited by Antonia Darder, Rodolfo D. Torres and Marta P. Baltodano. London:
Google Scholar
Routledge.
Google Scholar
Freire, Paulo. 2014. Pedagogy of hope: Reliving pedagogy of the oppressed. London:
Google Scholar
Bloomsbury.
Google Scholar
Gaddotti, Moacir. 1994. Reading Paulo Freire: His life and works. New York: State
Google Scholar
University of New York.
Google Scholar
Giroux, Henry A. 2009. Youth in a suspect society: Democracy or disposability? London:
Google Scholar
Palgrave Macmillan.
Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Michael Hviid and Sophia Marshman. 2008. “Bauman on metaphors – a harbinger of humanistic hybrid sociology’. In: The sociology of Zygmunt Bauman – challenges and critique, edited by Michael Hviid Jacobsen and Paul Poder, 19–40. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Google Scholar
Kincheloe, Joe L. 2008. Critical pedagogy. New York: Peter Lang Publishing.
Google Scholar
Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1980. Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of
Google Scholar
Chicago Press.
Google Scholar
McLaren, Peter L., and Henry A. Girou. 1994. “Foreword”. In: Moacir Gadotti. Reading
Google Scholar
Paulo Freire: His life and works, xiii–xviii. New York: State University of New York.
Google Scholar
McLaren, Peter L. 2015. Pedagogy of insurrection: From resurrection to revolution. New
Google Scholar
York: Peter Lang Publishing.
Google Scholar
McLaren, Peter L. 2017. “Critical pedagogy: A look at the major concepts”. In: The Critical Pedagogy Reader, edited by Antonia Darder, Rodolfo D. Torres and Marta P.
Google Scholar
Baltodano. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
McLuhan, Marshall. 1994. Understanding media: The extensions of man. Cambridge,
Google Scholar
MA: MIT Press.
Google Scholar
Nijhoff, Peter. 1998. “The right to inconsistency’. Theory, Culture and Society 15(1):
Google Scholar
–112.
Google Scholar
Shaull, Richard. 1972. “Foreword”. In: Paulo Freire. Pedagogy of the oppressed, 9–14.
Google Scholar
Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
Google Scholar
Smith, Dennis. 2000. Zygmunt Bauman: Prophet of postmodernity. Oxford: Polity Press.
Google Scholar
##libcom.authors##
Julija Tuleikytė##libcom.authors##
Michael Hviid Jacobsen##libcom.statistics##
##plugins.generic.usageStats.downloads##
Najaktuálnejšie články rovnakého autora (rovnakých autorov)
- Michael Hviid Jacobsen , From ‘Forbidden Death’ to ‘Spectacular Death’ – on the transformation of death in the West (and maybe elsewhere) , Studia Krytyczne/Critical Studies: Číslo 12 (2023)
