National Style as a Stylistic Category
Stanisław Gajda
Abstract
The term and the category of national style was introduced in the period of pre-romanticism in Germany (Winckelmann, Herder, Goethe) in response to radical social and cultural transformations. At that time in Europę, the modem understanding of the nation was being formed, with national societies being constituted and national identities dominating over other forms of collective identity. In the twentieth century, it was accepted that a nation is not a naturally formed community of people, but rather a cultural project - a construct based on ideology and realized in discourse (Gellner, Anderson, Hobsbawm). The notion of national style reąuires a retraction from the rhetorical (elocutionary)
conceptualization of style based on the opposition between language and thought (cf. res vs. verba). It is theoretically grounded in the monistic tradition (cf. Ganzeit). As a result, the category of national style integrates various previous typologies of styles (e.g., formal/casual/colloąuial register, functional styles). According to the classical understanding of style, a given national style can be regarded as a repository of stylistic devices (marked or expressive linguistic elements or properties). In the new, holistic approach, where style is the highest organizing principle XXIof expression (in terms of both content and form), national style is said to pervade national discourse (i.e. the textual realizations of national identity and national ideology). It can be postulated that specific nations are characterized by their unique perception of social reality, organization of information and patteming of interaction, which is evidenced in what is accepted as socially appropriate textual (stylistic, generic) forms.Slavic national styles can be researched from the perspective of individual nations, as well as from the comparative perspective.
Keywords:
style, elocutionary vs. holistic notion of style, national styleReferences
Adamzik K., 2009, Główne zagadnienia tekstologii porównawczej. W: Bilut-Homple- wicz Z., Czachur W., Smykała M. (red), Lingwistyka tekstu w Niemczech, Wrocław, s. 211-258.
Google Scholar
Anderson B., 1997 [1983], Wspólnoty wyobrażone, Kraków.Bartmiński J., Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska S., 2009, Tekstologia, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Beaugrande de R., Dressler W.A., 1990, Wstęp do lingwistyki tekstu, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Burkę P., 2009, Języki i społeczności w Europie wczesnonowożytnej, Kraków.
Google Scholar
Castle E., 1914, Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Wortbegriffes Stil,Compagnon A., 2010, Demon teorii, Literatura a zdrowy rozsądek, Gdańsk.
Google Scholar
Coveney P., Highfield R., 1997, Granice złożoności. Poszukiwanie porządku w chaotycznym świecie, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Dijk van T.A., 2001, Badania nad dyskursem. W: tenże (red.), Dyskurs jako struktura i proces, Warszawa, s. 9^44.
Google Scholar
Deutsch K.W., 1953, Nationalism and Social Communication, Cambridge.Florczak Z., 1978, Europejskie źródła teorii języka w Polsce na przełomie XVIIIIXIX w., Wrocław.
Google Scholar
Gajda S., 1982, Podstawy badań stylistycznych nad językiem naukowym, Warszawa- Wrocław.
Google Scholar
Gajda S., 1995, Styl i stylistyka. Zagadnienia ogólne. - S. Gajda (red.), Przewodnik po stylistyce polskiej, Opole, s. 11—52.
Google Scholar
Gajda S., 2011, Tekst i styl, „Prace Filologiczne”, s. 109-118.
Google Scholar
Gajda S., 2012, Stylistyka integrująca, „Poradnik Językowy”, nr 6, s. 56-66.
Google Scholar
Gajda S., w druku, Teoria stylu i stylistyki (w druku).
Google Scholar
Gellner E., 1991 [1983], Narody i nacjonalizm, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Herder J.G., 1988, Wybór pism, Wrocław.
Google Scholar
Hobsbawm E.J., 2008 [1983], Tradycja wynaleziona, Kraków.
Google Scholar
Kloch z., 1995, Spory o język, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Kopczyńska Z., 1976, Język a poezja. Studia z dziejów świadomości językowej i literackiej oświecenia i romantyzmu, Wrocław.
Google Scholar
Mainzer K., 2007, Poznawanie złożoności, Lublin.
Google Scholar
Malblanc A., 1968, Stylistiąue comparee du franęais et de 1’allemand, Paris.
Google Scholar
Meinecke F., 1907, Weltburgertum und Nationalstaat, Miinchen — Berlin.
Google Scholar
Progogine I., Sengers I., 1990, Z chaosu ku porządkowi, Warszawa.
Google Scholar
Przyłębski A., 2006, Pojęcie „ ducha ” w filozofii niemieckiej. Szkic problemu. — Grzegorczyk A. i in. (red.), Fenomen duchowości, Poznań, s. 65-83.
Google Scholar
Renan E., 2005 [1982], Co to jest naród?, „Respublika Nowa”, nr 1, s. 135-144.
Google Scholar
Smith A.D., 2009, Etniczne źródła narodów, Kraków.
Google Scholar
Vinay J.P., Darbelnet J., 1958, Styłistiąue comparee du franęais et de 1’anglais, Paris.
Google Scholar
Authors
Stanisław GajdaStatistics
Downloads
License
1. Copyrights to published works are held by the University of Opole (to the collective work) and the Authors (to individual parts of the collective work that have an independent meaning).
2. Only previously undistributed works can be published in the scientific journal "Stylistics".
3. The University of Opole does not restrict the possibility of the author's further dissemination of his work on condition that the scientific journal "Stylistics" is indicated as the original place of publication and the consent of the University Publishing House.
4. Consent to the publication of the work in the scientific journal "Stylistics" is tantamount to granting the author a non-exclusive license to the University of Opole, including the right to use the work without territorial restrictions and time limits in the following fields of exploitation:
a) within the scope of recording and multiplication of the work - production of any number of copies of the work in whole or in part using a specified technique, including printing, reprography, magnetic recording and digital technique, introduction of the work into computer memory and computer networks,
b) within the scope of circulation of the original or copies on which the work has been recorded - circulation, lending or hiring of the original or copies,
c) within the scope of dissemination of the work in a manner other than specified in item 2 - making the work or its abstract available on the Internet by enabling the recipients to access the work on-line or enabling them to download the work to their own device that makes it possible to read it, placing the work in electronic databases that disseminate scientific works, including in particular the CEEOL database (Central and Eastern Online Libray) and the abstract in English in the CEJSH database (The Central Europaen Journal of Social Scienes and Humanites).
d) within the scope of creating and distributing dependent works created using the work - using them in the fields of exploitation specified in points 1-3.
5. The author is not entitled to compensation for granting the license to the work.
6. The author agrees that the University may grant further permission to use the work (sublicense) in the fields of exploitation specified in par. 2 paragraph 4.
7. The author agrees that, in connection with the distribution of the work, his or her personal information, that is, name, affiliation, and e-mail address, may be made public.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Stanisław Gajda, Maria Čechová, Jan Chlupek, Marie Krčmová, Eva Minařová, Stylistika současne čeśtiny, Praha: ISV, 1997, 282 s.; Jana Hoffmannová, Stylistika a... Současná situace stylistiky, Praha: Trizonia, 1997, 200 s. , Stylistyka: Vol. 7 (1998): Slavic Stylistics
- Stanisław Gajda, The charismatic style , Stylistyka: Vol. 29 (2020): Style and Religion
- Stanisław Gajda, Współczesna stylistyka polska , Stylistyka: Vol. 12 (2003): Wielojęzyczność a styl - Multilingualism and Style
- Stanisław Gajda, Lucie Jílková, Kamila Mrazková, Helena Özörencik. Ed., Jak je důležité míti styl. Pocta Janě Hoffmannové , Stylistyka: Vol. 30 (2021): Style and Emotions
- Stanisław Gajda, Stylistyka czeska i słowacka XXI wieku , Stylistyka: Vol. 28 (2019): Styl i pamięć
- Stanisław Gajda, Larisa Leonidovna Šestakova, Russkaâ avtorskaâ leksikografi. Teoriâ, istoriâ, sovremennost’ , Stylistyka: Vol. 24 (2015): Różnorodność kulturowa a styl
- Stanisław Gajda, Ольга Северская, Лариса Селезнева, Effective Business Communication. “Magic Tablets” for Business People , Stylistyka: Vol. 29 (2020): Style and Religion
- Stanisław Gajda, Jubileusz Profesor Switłany J. Jermołenko , Stylistyka: Vol. 27 (2018): Styl i aksjologia
- Stanisław Gajda, Ulla Fix, Hannelore Poethe, Gabriele Yos, Textlinguistik und Stilistik für Einsteiger: Ein Lehr- und Arbeitsbuch Unter Mitarbeit von Ruth Geier, , Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2001, 235 s. , Stylistyka: Vol. 12 (2003): Wielojęzyczność a styl - Multilingualism and Style
- Stanisław Gajda, Stylistics Today , Stylistyka: Vol. 1 (1992): Stylistics today