Published: 2025-06-20

The Beginnings of Christianity and the Presence of Holy Cross Relics in Opole

Piotr Górecki
Studia Teologiczno-Historyczne Śląska Opolskiego
Section: Articles
DOI https://doi.org/10.25167/sth.5889

Abstract

Opole led the way as the capital of Upper Silesia for centuries. Its origins date back to at least the 8th century. In the Middle Ages, this princely stronghold was the centre of the Opole-Racibórz principality and the seat of the collegiate chapter. One of the oldest legends says, that at the end of the 10th century St. Adalbert, Bishop of Prague, visited the area, and that he was to baptise the inhabitants of Opole on a nearby hill. For centuries, the inhabitants
of the historic capital of Upper Silesia remembered their legendary missionary, calling him the ‘Apostle of Silesia’, and honoured his memory by entrusting themselves to his protection. Another legend has, it that a precious relic – a particle from the Holy Cross – was given to the city in 1024 (or perhaps as late as the beginning of the 13th century). The magnificent gift, whose origin we still know so little about, permanently linked the fate of the city and its inhabitants with Christianity, and the sign of the cross, together with the Piast eagle of the Opole and Racibórz princes, very soon became part of Opole’s coat of arms.

Keywords:

St Adalbert, relics of the Holy Cross, the beginnings of Christianity in Upper Silesia, the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, Opole

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Górecki, P. (2025). The Beginnings of Christianity and the Presence of Holy Cross Relics in Opole. Studia Teologiczno-Historyczne Śląska Opolskiego, 45(1), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.25167/sth.5889

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