On the Problematic Independence of Direct Speech
Mirosław Olędzki
Abstract
Contrary to the way it functions in literary criticism, the expression of independence of direct speech appears problematic. The notion of oratio recta (which is of interest to lin[1]guists, philosophers, theoreticians of communication, textologists and narratologists) was related to the methodology of Maria Renata Mayenowa who considers the monologue to be “the supreme structure of any literary text.” With regard to the above, it is claimed that the direct speech always complicates the entire composition of a novel. The narra[1]aon-structure-related direct speech is, as Wojciech Górny rightly observed, direct and in[1]dependent, because of tradition, and not because of the hierarchy of the communicational pattern of the novel, in which it is the text that introduces the citation which is more inde[1]pendent. On the other hand, Lubomir Doleżefs term “clear expression,” concerning the border between reproduced fictitious dialogues and the narration, indicates that the direct speech is a more narrator-independent structure than the indirect speech or “erlebte Rede” (E. Lorek). It is also the very expression “speech” which causes doubts, it was already Boris Eichenbaum who noted that “a novel is being written and not wrote down.” If we accept Gerard Genette’s point of view that dialogues are reproduced in a novel, the impre[1]ciseness of this reproduction would need to be underlined, for it is always a translation of codes connected with oral communication into codes specific to written communication, in the form in which the code Is specific to the genre in question. However, the right re[1]ception of a novel requires the reader to believe that the narrator really lets protagonists speak. The direct speech is thus direct and independent for the reader m the esthetic sense. It would be difficult to defend the independence of the direct speech in the ontological sense.
Keywords:
direct speech, esthetic sense of direct speech vs. ontological sense of direct speech, oral communication, written communication, fictitious dialogues, narration, reproduction of fictitious dialogues vs. narration, independence of direct speechAuthors
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