Invisibility of Women in Contemporary Polish
Jolanta Szpyra-Kozłowska
Małgorzata Karwatowska
Abstract
The present paper examines the issue of the linguistic invisibility ofwomen in severa! types of Polish texts written and published within recent years: in statutes, regulations and other !egal documents, in school textbooks and exercises, as well as in various officia! forms and propaganda materials. It manifests itself in the use of generic masculine nouns, masculine forms of verbs, adjectives, pronouns, participles and numerals, in selecting a małe addressee and in overrepresentation of men I underrepresentation of women. The authors point out that the phenomenon under analysis is only partly determined by the grammatical structure of Polish, which offers many different nonsexist altematives for writing texts of this kind.
References
Anusiewicz, J., Handke, K., red., 1994, Język a kultura, t. 9: Pleć w języku i kulturze, Wrocław: Wiedza o Kulturze.
Baudouin de Courtenay, J., 1 984, Wpływ właściwości myślenia językowego polskiego na psychikę w ogóle. - O języku polskim. Wybór prac pod red. J. Basary i M. Szymcza ka, Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 215-225.
Dąbrowska, A., 1 998, Czy istnieje w podręcznikach dla cudzoziemców wyraźny obraz Polski i Polaków? (Próba znalezienia stereotypów). - J. Anusiewicz, J. Bartmiński, red., 1998, Język a Kultura, t. 12: Stereotyp jako przedmiot lingwistyki. Teoria, metodologia, analizy empiryczne, Wrocław: Wiedza o Kulturze, 278-295.
Handke, K., 1 994, Język a determinanty pici. - J. Anusiewicz i K. Handke, red., Język a kultura, t. 9: Pleć w języku i kulturze, Wrocław: Wiedza o Kulturze, 9-29.
Hellinger, M. & H. Bussmann, 2003, The linguistic representation of women and men. -Gender across Languages, 2003, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Compa ny, 1-25.
Hellinger, M. & H. Bussmann, red., 2003, Gender across Languages, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Herbert, R. K. & B. Nykiel-Herbert, 1986, Explorations in linguistic sexism: a contra stive sketch. Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics 21, 47-85.
Jaworski, A., 1 986, A Linguistic Picture of Women 's Position in Society, Frankfurt am Mein: Peter Lang.
Jaworski, A., 1 989, On gender and sex in Polish, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 78, 83-92.
Karwatowska, M., Szpyra-Kozłowska, J. (w przygotowaniu). Ona i on w języku polskim.
Koniuszaniec, G., Błaszkowska H., 2003, Language and gender in Po/ish. - Hellinger, M., Bussmann H., hrsg., 2003, The linguistic representation of women and men. -Gender across Languages, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 259--286.
Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, B., red., 2003, PALC 2001: Practical Applications in Langu age Corpora, Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Łaziński, M., 2003, Grammar and gender in Polish corpora. - B. Lewandowska-To maszczyk, red., PALC 2001: Practical Applications in Language Corpora, Frank furt: Peter Lang, 309-327.
Miemietz, B., 1 993, Motivation zur Motion. Zur Bezeichnung von Frauen durch Femini na und Maskulina im Polnischen, Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Pauwels, A., 1 998, Women Changing Language, London and New York: Addison Wesley Longman.
Szpyra-Kozłowska, J. i Karwatowska, M., w druku a. Klient nasz pan a wszyscy ludzie są braćmi - seksizm we współczesnej polszczyźnie, ,,Etnolingwistyka".
Szpyra-Kozłowska, J. i Karwatowska, M., w druku b. Jak Polka z Polakiem -językowe bariery w komunikacji między piciami. W tomie pod. red. J. Bartmińskiego, U. Ma jer-Baranowskiego.
Weatherall, A. 2002. Gender, Language and Discourse. London & New York: Routledge.
Authors
Jolanta Szpyra-KozłowskaAuthors
Małgorzata KarwatowskaStatistics
Downloads
License
1. Copyrights to published works are held by the University of Opole (to the collective work) and the Authors (to individual parts of the collective work that have an independent meaning).
2. Only previously undistributed works can be published in the scientific journal "Stylistics".
3. The University of Opole does not restrict the possibility of the author's further dissemination of his work on condition that the scientific journal "Stylistics" is indicated as the original place of publication and the consent of the University Publishing House.
4. Consent to the publication of the work in the scientific journal "Stylistics" is tantamount to granting the author a non-exclusive license to the University of Opole, including the right to use the work without territorial restrictions and time limits in the following fields of exploitation:
a) within the scope of recording and multiplication of the work - production of any number of copies of the work in whole or in part using a specified technique, including printing, reprography, magnetic recording and digital technique, introduction of the work into computer memory and computer networks,
b) within the scope of circulation of the original or copies on which the work has been recorded - circulation, lending or hiring of the original or copies,
c) within the scope of dissemination of the work in a manner other than specified in item 2 - making the work or its abstract available on the Internet by enabling the recipients to access the work on-line or enabling them to download the work to their own device that makes it possible to read it, placing the work in electronic databases that disseminate scientific works, including in particular the CEEOL database (Central and Eastern Online Libray) and the abstract in English in the CEJSH database (The Central Europaen Journal of Social Scienes and Humanites).
d) within the scope of creating and distributing dependent works created using the work - using them in the fields of exploitation specified in points 1-3.
5. The author is not entitled to compensation for granting the license to the work.
6. The author agrees that the University may grant further permission to use the work (sublicense) in the fields of exploitation specified in par. 2 paragraph 4.
7. The author agrees that, in connection with the distribution of the work, his or her personal information, that is, name, affiliation, and e-mail address, may be made public.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Małgorzata Karwatowska, On przyzwoitość. A history of one “little word” , Stylistyka: Vol. 27 (2018): Styl i aksjologia
- Małgorzata Karwatowska, Małgorzata Kita, Coming out w polskiej przestrzeni dyskursywnej, Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016, 198 s. , Stylistyka: Vol. 27 (2018): Styl i aksjologia
