Exploring basic hope as a mediator between attitudes towards religion and psychological well-being among Anglicans
Dariusz Krok
Instytut Psychologii Uniwersytetu OpolskiegoAbstract
The current study examines the mediating role of basic hope in the relationship of attitudes towards religion with psychological well-being in a sample of Anglicans. Because previous research has indicated close associations among religiosity, hope and well-being, the aforementioned assumption is highly plausible. A total of 176 participants (89 women and 87 men) took part in this study. All were members of the Church of England who completed three questionnaires: the Post-Critical Belief Scale (PCBS), the Psychological Well-Being (PWB) and the Basic Hope Inventory (BHI-12). The results demonstrated that all four attitudes towards religion were associated with basic hope: orthodoxy and second naiveté were positively related to basic hope, while external critique and relativism were negatively related. In addition, basic hope was positively associated with psychological well-being. The main finding showed that basic hope turned out to mediate the relationships between the four attitudes towards religion and psychological well-being among Anglicans. Taken together, the findings highlight the important role of hope, which seems vital to the development of people’s religious beliefs and well-being.
Keywords:
attitudes to religion, basic hope, psychological well-being, AnglicanismReferences
Abdel-Khalek Ahmed M. 2007. “Religiosity, happiness, health, and psychopathology in a probability sample of Muslim adolescents”. Mental Health, Religion and Culture 10 (6): 571–583.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13674670601034547
Google Scholar
Cappellen Patty Van, Toth-Gauthier Maria, Saroglou Vassilis, Fredrickson Barbara L. 2016. “Religion and well-being: The mediating role of positive emotions”. Journal of Happiness Studies 17 (2): 485–505.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-014-9605-5
Google Scholar
Cohen Adam B. 2002. “The importance of spirituality in well-being for Jews and Christians”. Journal of Happiness Studies 3: 287–310.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020656823365
Google Scholar
Cohen Adam B., Hall Daniel E. 2009. “Existential beliefs, social satisfaction, and well-being among Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant older adults”. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 19: 39–54.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10508610802471088
Google Scholar
Cohen Adam B., Johnson Kathryn A.. 2017. “The relation between religion and well-being”. Applied Research in Quality of Life 12(3): 533–547.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-016-9475-6
Google Scholar
Counted Victor, Pargament Kenneth I., Bechara Andrea Ortega, Joynt Shaun, Cowden Richard G. 2022. “Hope and well-being in vulnerable contexts during the COVID-19 pandemic: Does religious coping matter?” The Journal of Positive Psychology 17 (1): 70–81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2020.1832247
Google Scholar
Dezutter Jessie, Soenens Bart, Luyckx Koen, Bruyneel Sabrina, Vansteenkiste Maarten, Duriez Bart, Hutsebaut Dirk. 2008. The role of religion in death attitudes: Distinguishing between religious belief and style of processing religious contents. Death Studies 33 (1): 73–92.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180802494289
Google Scholar
Duriez Bart, Dezutter Jessie, Neyrinck Bart, Hutsebaut Dirk. 2007. “An introduction to the Post-Critical Belief Scale: Internal structure and external relationships”. Psyke and Logos 28 (2): 767–793.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7146/pl.v28i2.8399
Google Scholar
Duriez Bart, Fontaine Johnny, Hutsebaut Dirk. 2000. “A further elaboration of the post-critical belief scale: Evidence for the existence of four different approaches toward religion in Flanders-Belgium”. Psychologica Belgica 40: 153–181.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.961
Google Scholar
Duriez Bart, Soenens Bart, Hutsebaut Dirk. 2005. “Introducing the shortened Post-Critical Belief Scale”. Personality and Individual Differences 38 (4): 851–857.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.06.009
Google Scholar
Duriez Bart, Soenens Bart. 2006. “Religiosity, moral attitudes and moral competence: A critical investigation of the religiosity-morality relation”. International Journal of Behavioral Development 30 (1): 76–83.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025406062127
Google Scholar
Erikson Erik. 1963. Childhood and society. New York: Norton.
Google Scholar
Erikson Erik. 1982. The life cycle completed. New York: Norton.
Google Scholar
Esfandiyar Baljani, Javad Khashabi, Elham Amanpour, Neda Azimi. 2011. “Relationship between spiritual well-being, religion, and hope among patients with cancer”. Journal of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery 17 (3): 27–37.
Google Scholar
Faul Franz, Erdfelder Edgar, Buchner Axel, Lang Albert-Georg. 2009. “Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses”. Behavior Research Methods 41: 1149–1160.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
Google Scholar
Gull Mubashir, Nizami Naheed. 2015. “Comparative study of hope and psychological well-being among the parents of physically and intellectually disabled children”. International Journal of Modern Social Sciences 4 (42): 143–152.
Google Scholar
Hasson-Ohayon Ilanit, Braun Michal, Galinsky Daliah, Baider Lea. 2009. “Religiosity and hope: A path for women coping with a diagnosis of breast cancer”. Psychosomatics 50 (5): 525–533.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3182(09)70846-1
Google Scholar
Hoogeveen Suzanne, Sarafoglou Alexandra, Aczel Balazs, Aditya Yonathan, Alayan Alexandra J., Allen Peter J., Altay Sacha et al. 2022. “A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being”. Religion, Brain and Behavior 1, 1–47.
Google Scholar
Hutsebaut D. 1996. “Post-Critical Belief: A new approach of the religious attitude problem”. Journal of Empirical Theology 9: 48–66.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/157092596X00132
Google Scholar
Hutsebaut D. 2000. “Post-Critical belief scales”. Journal of Empirical Theology 13 (2): 19–28.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/157092500X00083
Google Scholar
Hutsebaut Dirk, Duriez Bart. 2001. “Approaches to religion and the moods and emotions associated with religion”. Journal of Empirical Theology 14 (2): 75–84.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/157092501X00091
Google Scholar
Jankowski Peter J., Sandage Steven J., Wang David C., Crabtree Sarah. 2022. “Virtues as Mediators of the associations between Religious/Spiritual Commitment and Well-being”. Applied Research in Quality of Life 1: 1–25.
Google Scholar
Kardas Ferhat, Cam Zekeriya, Eskisu Mustafa, Gelibolu Sedat. 2019. “Gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction as predictors of psychological well-being”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19 (82): 81–100.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.82.5
Google Scholar
Koenig Harold G. 2012. “Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications”. International Scholarly Research Network. ISRN Psychiatry 1: 1–33.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730
Google Scholar
Krok Dariusz. 2016. The importance of meaning in life as a mediator of religiousness and hope in late adolescents. In Religiosity: Psychological perspectives, individual differences and health benefits. Ed. Rochelle Cooper, 15-30. New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Google Scholar
Nasr Seyyed H. 1996. Religion and the Order of Nature. New York: Oxford University Press.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195108231.001.0001
Google Scholar
Plakas Sotirios, Boudioni Markella, Fouka Georgia, Taket Ann. 2011. “The role of religiosity as a coping resource for relatives of critically ill patients in Greece”. Contemporary Nurse 39 (1): 95–105.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5172/conu.2011.39.1.95
Google Scholar
Rahman Khaista, Khalily Muhammad Tahir, Akram Muhammad. 2021. “The adaptation and validation of the New Indices of Religious Orientation Revised Scale”. Foundation University Journal of Psychology 5 (1): 126–135.
Google Scholar
Ramsay Jonathan E., Tong Eddie M. W., Chowdhury Avijit, Ho Moon-Ho R. 2019. “Teleological explanation and positive emotion serially mediate the effect of religion on well‐being”. Journal of Personality 87 (3): 676–689.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12425
Google Scholar
Rose Andrew H., Rose Jennifer R., Miller Rick B., Dyer W. Justin. 2018. “Exploring hope as a mediator between religiosity and depression in adolescents”. Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought 37 (3): 239–253.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2018.1488646
Google Scholar
Ryff Carol D., Keyes Corey Lee M. 1995. “The structure of psychological well-being revisited”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69 (4): 719–727.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719
Google Scholar
Sharma Swati, Singh Kamlesh. 2019. “Religion and well-being: The mediating role of positive virtues”. Journal of Religion and Health 58 (1): 119–131.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-018-0559-5
Google Scholar
Sheldon Kennon M.. 2006. “Catholic guilt? Comparing Catholics’ and Protestants’ religious motivations”. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 16: 209–223.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr1603_5
Google Scholar
Shen Megan Johnson, Yelderman Logan A., Haggard Megan C., Rowatt Wade C.. 2013. “Disentangling the belief in God and cognitive rigidity/flexibility components of religiosity to predict racial and value-violating prejudice: A Post-Critical Belief Scale analysis”. Personality and Individual Differences 54 (3): 389–395.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.008
Google Scholar
Śliwak Jacek, Zarzycka Beata. 2012. “The interplay between post-critical beliefs and anxiety: An exploratory study in a Polish sample”. Journal of Religion and Health 51 (2): 419–430.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9367-2
Google Scholar
Snyder Charles R. 2004. “Hope and depression: A light in the darkness”. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 23 (3): 347–351.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.3.347.35458
Google Scholar
Snyder Charles R., Sigmon David R., Feldman David B.. 2002. “Hope for the sacred and vice versa: Positive goal-directed thinking and religion”. Psychological Inquiry 13 (3): 234–238.
Google Scholar
Trzebiński Jerzy, Zięba Mariusz. 2004. „Basic hope as a world-view: an outline of a concept”. Polish Psychological Bulletin 35 (3): 173–182.
Google Scholar
Wulff David M. 1991. Psychology of religion: classic and contemporary views. New York: Wiley.
Google Scholar
Authors
Dariusz KrokStatistics
Downloads
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Studia Oecumenica
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Prawa autorskie (c) 2022 Studia Oecumenica
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Na tych samych warunkach 4.0
Licencja oraz prawa autorskie autorzy przekazują wydawcy, którym jest Redakcji Wydawnictw WT UO.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Dariusz Krok, Przemysław Król, Openness to interreligious dialogue – psychological antecedents and processes , Studia Oecumenica: Vol. 19 (2019)
- Dariusz Krok, Marcin Cholewa, Does a Denomination Matter? Differences in Religiosity and Value Systems between Catholics and Anglicans , Studia Oecumenica: Vol. 21 (2021)
- Dariusz Krok, Ivana Olecká, Psychosocial determinants of religious/denominational conversion: a person–environment fit perspective , Studia Oecumenica: Vol. 23 (2023)