Early initiation of drinking and its consequences: the case of the Czech Republic
The case of the Czech Republic
Ivana Olecká
Methodius Faculty of Theology, Palacký University in OlomoucLudmila Trochtová
Department of Christian Social Work, Palacký University in OlomoucAbstract
Background: The WHO European Region has the highest alcohol consumption of all six WHO regions. The research presented here is conducted in the Czech Republic, which has the highest average per capita alcohol consumption in Europe. The problem of alcoholism among children and adults is still not sufficiently perceived by Czech society as a risk and threat to the population's future health. Objective: The research aimed to confirm a relationship between the onset of alcohol consumption at a young age and the amount/frequency of current alcohol consumption. Method: Data analysis was conducted on a representative sample of children aged 6-17 (n= 2948; man:1492; 50,61 %; woman: 1456; 49,39%). Only 36.87% of children in our sample do not drink alcohol at all. 6.28% of children tasted alcohol for the first time before the age of 6. 19.30% tasted alcohol between the ages of 6 and 10, and 38.16% between the ages of 11 and 14. Results: The research confirms the association between early initiation of alcohol consumption and increased risk of binge drinking at older ages. Children who drink alcohol daily start very early. Children who consume alcohol only infrequently start drinking after age 15. Conclusion: The text intends to draw attention to the fact that despite existing prevention programs and interventions, alcohol consumption among children and adolescents is still a severe and contemporary problem related to the high tolerance of society towards alcohol consumption. The degree of denormalization of underage drinking in the Czech Republic is still low. However, even if we accept the thesis of gradual demoralization of drinking, which is based on the assumption of declining alcohol consumption, it appears that early initiation of drinking is thus becoming an increasingly important indicator of wider risk behavior and needs increased attention.
Schlagworte:
alcohol misuse, children, prevention, excessive consumption, transmission of patternsLiteraturhinweise
Aiken, A. et al. (2022) ‘Trajectories of parental and peer supply of alcohol in adolescence and associations with later alcohol consumption and harms: A prospective cohort study’, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 237, p. 109533. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109533.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109533
Google Scholar
Anderson, B.O. et al. (2023) ‘Health and cancer risks associated with low levels of alcohol consumption’, The Lancet Public Health, 8(1), pp. e6–e7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00317-6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00317-6
Google Scholar
Anderson, P., Gual, A. and Colom, C.F. (2005) ‘Alcohol and primary health care: clinical guidelines on identification and brief interventions.’ Health Department of the Government of Catalonia.
Google Scholar
Azen, R. and Walker, C.M. (2011) Categorical data analysis for the behavioral and social sciences. New York, NY: Routledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843611
Google Scholar
Babor, T. et al. (2010) Krátké intervence u rizikového a škodlivého pití: manuál pro použití v primární péči. 2., upr. vyd. Praha: Státní zdravotní ústav.
Google Scholar
Barnes, G.M., Farrell, M.P. and Cairns, A. (1986) ‘Parental Socialization Factors and Adolescent Drinking Behaviors’, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48(1), p. 27.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/352225.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/352225
Google Scholar
Bowden, J.A. et al. (2022) ‘Levels of Parental Drinking in the Presence of Children: An Exploration of Attitudinal Correlates’, Alcohol and Alcoholism, 57(4), pp. 460–469.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agab071.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agab071
Google Scholar
Bucci, R. et al. (2021) ‘Pubertal Timing and Adolescent Alcohol Use: The Mediating Role of Parental and Peer Influences’, Child Development, 92(5). Available at: ttps://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13569.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13569
Google Scholar
Caluzzi, G. et al. (2022) ‘Declining drinking among adolescents: Are we seeing a denormalisation of drinking and a normalisation of non‐drinking?’, Addiction, 117(5), pp. 1204–1212. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15611.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15611
Google Scholar
Cheng, H.G. and Anthony, J.C. (2018) ‘Male-female differences in the onset of heavy drinking episode soon after first full drink in contemporary United States: From early adolescence to young adulthood’, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 190, pp. 159–165.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.035.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.035
Google Scholar
Chomynová, P. (2022) Souhrnná zpráva o závislostech v České republice 2021. 1st edn. Praha: Úřad vlády České republiky.
Google Scholar
Chomynová, P. et al. (2023) ‘Souhrnná zpráva o závislostech v České republice 2022 [Summary Report on Addictions in the Czech Republic in 2022]’. Úřad vlády České republiky.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://www.drogy-info.cz/data/obj_files/33854/1198/Souhrnna_zprava_o_zavislostech_v_CR_2022_fin.pdf.
Google Scholar
Chomynová, P., Csémy, L. and Mravčík, V. (2020) ‘Evropská školní studie o alkoholu a jiných drogách (ESPAD) 2019 (The European School-Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) 2019)’, Zaostřeno, 6(5).
Google Scholar
Csémy, L. et al. (2022) ‘Národní výzkum užívání tabáku a alkoholu v Ceské republice 2021 [NAUTA]’. Státní zdravotní ústav.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://szu.cz/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Narodni-vyzkum-uzivani-tabaku-a-alkoholu-v-Ceske-republice-2021.pdf.
Google Scholar
D’Amico, E.J. et al. (2005) ‘Identification of and Guidance for Problem Drinking by General Medical Providers: Results From a National Survey’, Medical Care, 43(3), pp. 229–236.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200503000-00005.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-200503000-00005
Google Scholar
Darling, N. and Steinberg, L. (1993) ‘Parenting style as context: An integrative model.’, Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), pp. 487–496. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.113.3.487
Google Scholar
DeWit, D.J. (2000) ‘Age at First Alcohol Use: A Risk Factor for the Development of Alcohol Disorders’, American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(5), pp. 745–750. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.745.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.745
Google Scholar
Donovan, J.E. and Molina, B.S.G. (2007) ‘Children’s Introduction to Alcohol Use: Sips and Tastes’, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 32(1), pp. 108–119. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00565.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00565.x
Google Scholar
Donovan, J.E. and Molina, B.S.G. (2011) ‘Childhood Risk Factors for Early-Onset Drinking’, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72(5), pp. 741–751. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2011.72.741.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2011.72.741
Google Scholar
Enstad, F. et al. (2019) ‘Predicting hazardous drinking in late adolescence/young adulthood from early and excessive adolescent drinking – a longitudinal cross-national study of Norwegian and Australian adolescents’, BMC Public Health, 19(1), p. 790. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7099-0.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7099-0
Google Scholar
Freimann, P. (2022) Skrz radlery a nealkoholická piva si děti zvykají na piva alkoholická. Suchej únor proto přichází s kampaní Nechmel děti. Praha: Nielsen Admosphere, a.s.
Google Scholar
Available at: https://www.cysnews.cz/top-clanky/skrz-radlery-a-nealkoholicka-piva-si-deti-zvykaji-na-piva-alkoholicka-suchej-unor-proto-prichazi-s-kampani-nechmel-deti/.
Google Scholar
Gilligan, C. et al. (2014) ‘“Everybody Else Is Doing It”–Norm Perceptions Among Parents of Adolescents’, Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(6), pp. 908–918. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.908.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15288/jsad.2014.75.908
Google Scholar
Griswold, M.G. et al. (2018) ‘Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016’, The Lancet, 392(10152), pp. 1015–1035. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2
Google Scholar
Healey, C. et al. (2014) ‘Underage drinking in the UK: Changing trends, impact and interventions. A rapid evidence synthesis’, International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(1), pp. 124–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.07.008.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.07.008
Google Scholar
Herold, M.D. and Frank, V.A. (2022) ‘Alcohol Use and Narratives of “Maturing Out” in the Transition to Adulthood Among Young Danes’, in T. Thurnell-Read and L. Fenton (eds) Alcohol, Age, Generation and the Life Course. Cham: Springer International Publishing (Leisure Studies in a Global Era), pp. 103–125. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04017-7_5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04017-7_5
Google Scholar
Herold, M.D. and Kolind, T. (2022) ‘Young people’s alcohol use is still strongly related to social inclusion’, Addiction, 117(5), pp. 1216–1217. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15798.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15798
Google Scholar
Hladík, M. (2009) ‘Alkohol – problém u dětí a mladistvých’, Pediatrie pro praxi, 10(1), pp. 48–50.
Google Scholar
Jonas, D.E. et al. (2012) ‘Behavioral Counseling After Screening for Alcohol Misuse in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force’, Annals of Internal Medicine, 157(9), p. 645. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00544.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-9-201211060-00544
Google Scholar
Kabíček, P. et al. (2020) Manuál krátké intervence v oblasti návykových látek v praxi praktického lékaře pro děti a dorost. 3rd edn. Dolní Jirčany, Psá: Ahou Public Relations. s.r.o. Available at: https://www.mzcr.cz/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Manu%C3%A1l-kr%C3%A1tk%C3%A9-intervence-v-oblasti-n%C3%A1vykov%C3%BDch-l%C3%A1tek-v-praxi-praktick%C3%A9ho-l%C3%A9ka%C5%99e-pro-d%C4%9Bti-a-dorost.pdf.
Google Scholar
Kabíček, P., Sulek, Š. and Mizerová, L. (2010) ‘Syndrom rizikového chování v dospívání (možnosti efektivní prevence v oblasti abúzu návykových látek)’, Pediatrie pro praxi, 11(1), pp. 46–48.
Google Scholar
Kalina, K. (2008) Základy klinické adiktologie. Praha: Grada.
Google Scholar
Kypri, K., Dean, J.I. and Stojanovski, E. (2007) ‘Parent attitudes on the supply of alcohol to minors’, Drug and Alcohol Review, 26(1), pp. 41–47. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230601037018.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09595230601037018
Google Scholar
Lam, T. et al. (2020) ‘Alcohol supply as a favour for a friend: Scenarios of alcohol supply to younger friends and siblings’, Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 31(1), pp. 112–120. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.264.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.264
Google Scholar
Liang, W. and Chikritzhs, T. (2013) ‘Age at First Use of Alcohol and Risk of Heavy Alcohol Use: A Population-Based Study’, BioMed Research International, 2013, pp. 1–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/721761.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/721761
Google Scholar
LifeLine Projects (2023). Available at: https://www.lifelineprojects.co.uk/about/.
Google Scholar
Livingston, M. et al. (2023) ‘The relationship between age at first drink and later risk behaviours during a period of youth drinking decline’, Addiction, 118(2), pp. 256–264. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16036.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.16036
Google Scholar
Malinovská, J. et al. (2021) ‘Screening rizikového užívání alkoholu v ordinaci lékaře’, Vnitřní Lékařství, 67(2), pp. e38–43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2021.033
Google Scholar
Manthey, J., Shield, K. and Rehm, J. (2022) ‘Alcohol and health’, The Lancet, 400(10365), pp. 1764–1765. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02123-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02123-7
Google Scholar
Matoušek, O. and Kroftová, A. (2003) Mládež a delikvence. Praha: Portál.
Google Scholar
Mattick, R.P. et al. (2018) ‘Association of parental supply of alcohol with adolescent drinking, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol use disorder symptoms: a prospective cohort study’, The Lancet Public Health, 3(2), pp. e64–e71. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30240-2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30240-2
Google Scholar
Mattoo, S., Prasad, S. and Ghosh, A. (2018) ‘Brief intervention in substance use disorders’, Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(8), p. 466. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.224352.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.224352
Google Scholar
MKN-10 (1992) ‘Mezinárodní klasifikace nemocí: Mezinárodní statistická klasifikace nemocí a přidružených zdravotních problémů ve znění desáté decenální revize MKN-10’. Ústav zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky. Available at: https://mkn10.uzis.cz/prohlizec.
Google Scholar
Mravčík, V. (ed.) (2021) Zpráva o alkoholu v České republice 2021. 1st edn. Praha: Úřad vlády České republiky.
Google Scholar
Murphy, M.A., Dufour, S.C. and Gray, J.C. (2021) ‘The association between child alcohol sipping and alcohol expectancies in the ABCD study’, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 221, p. 108624. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108624.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108624
Google Scholar
Nešpor, K. (2008) ‘Jaké je „zdravé“ množství alkoholu?’, Interní medicína pro praxi, 10(4), pp. 200–200.
Google Scholar
Nielsen Admosphere, a.s. (2022) Suchej únor (Nechmel děti): Skrz radlery a nealkoholická piva si děti zvykají na piva alkoholická. 2022. Praha: Nielsen Admosphere, a.s. Available at: https://www.nielsen-admosphere.cz/news/suchej-unor-nechmel-deti-skrz-radlery-a-nealkoholicka-piva-si-deti-zvykaji-na-piva-alkoholicka.
Google Scholar
Olecká, I., Pospíšil, J. and Trochtová, L. (2023) ‘Transmission of alcohol abuse behavior from parents to their children in the Czech population’, Kontakt, 25(2), pp. 138–146. Available at: https://doi.org/10.32725/kont.2023.020.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32725/kont.2023.020
Google Scholar
Popov, P. (2003) ‘Závislost na alkoholu’, Psychiatr. praxi, 1, pp. 29–32.
Google Scholar
Pospíšil, J. (2018) ‘Social Survey Project’. Olomouc: ITTS. Available at: https://www.socialsurvey.eu/ (Accessed: 10 October 2018).
Google Scholar
Precieuse, K.M. et al. (2018) ‘Alcopops: a global perspective on the new category of alcoholic beverage’, Drugs and Alcohol Today, 18(4), pp. 272–280. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-05-2018-0022.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DAT-05-2018-0022
Google Scholar
Ptáček, R. and Kuželová, H. (2013) ‘Vývojová psychologie pro sociální práci’. Ministerstvo práce a sociálních věcí ČR.
Google Scholar
Rinaldi, C. et al. (2021) ‘A Framing Analysis of Consultation Submissions on the WHO Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol: Values and Interests’, International Journal of Health Policy and Management, p. 1. Available at: https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.68
Google Scholar
Saitz, R. et al. (2006) ‘Screening and brief Interventions online for college students: the ihealth study’, Alcohol and Alcoholism, 42(1), pp. 28–36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl092.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agl092
Google Scholar
Šejvl, J. et al. (2019) ‘First alcohol treatment institutions in today’s Czech Republic and Slovak Republic’, Central European Journal of Public Health, 27 (Supplement), pp. 55–65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a5812.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a5812
Google Scholar
Sharma, M. and Avan, A. (2022) ‘Combatting underage drinking through education and policy’, Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, pp. 16–22.
Google Scholar
Sheskin, D. (2011) Handbook of Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Procedures. 5th edn. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
Google Scholar
Skylstad, V et al. (2022) ‘“As soon as they can hold a glass, they begin taking alcohol”: a qualitative study on early childhood substance use in Mbale District, Uganda’, BMC Public Health, 22(1), p. 812. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13140-w.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13140-w
Google Scholar
Skylstad, V. et al. (2021) ‘Child alcohol use disorder in Eastern Uganda: screening, diagnostics, risk factors and management of children drinking alcohol in Uganda (TREAT C-AUD): a mixed-methods research protocol’, BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5(1), p. e001214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001214.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001214
Google Scholar
Skylstad, Vilde et al. (2022) ‘Are we overlooking alcohol use by younger children?’, BMJ Paediatrics Open, 6(1), p. e001242. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001242.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001242
Google Scholar
Sonthon, P., Janma, N. and Saengow, U. (2021) ‘Association between age at first alcohol use and heavy episodic drinking: An analysis of Thailand’s smoking and alcohol drinking behavior survey 2017’, PLOS ONE. Edited by Z.M. Sanchez, 16(11), p. e0259589. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259589.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259589
Google Scholar
Staton, C.A. et al. (2020) ‘Alcohol Availability, Cost, Age of First Drink, and Its Association with At‐Risk Alcohol Use in Moshi, Tanzania’, Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 44(11), pp. 2266–2274. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14457.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14457
Google Scholar
Szabó, Á. et al. (2021) ‘Alcohol use trajectories across the life course: Influences of childhood predictors and consequences for late-life health’, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 224, p. 108713. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108713.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108713
Google Scholar
Tait, R.J. and Christensen, H. (2010) ‘Internet‐based interventions for young people with problematic substance use: a systematic review’, Medical Journal of Australia, 192(S11), pp. 15–21. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03687.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03687.x
Google Scholar
Takakura, M. and Wake, N. (2003) ‘Association of Age at Onset of Cigarette and Alcohol Use with Subsequent Smoking and Drinking Patterns Among Japanese High School Students’, Journal of School Health, 73(6), pp. 226–231. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb06566.x.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb06566.x
Google Scholar
WHO (2019) ‘Status report on alcohol consumption, harm and policy responses in 30 European countries 2019’. WHO Regional Office for Europe. Available at: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/411418/Alcohol-consumption-harm-policy-responses-30-European-countries-2019.pdf.
Google Scholar
WHO (2021) ‘Digital marketing of alcohol: Challenges and policy options for better health in the WHO European region’. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1398671/retrieve.
Google Scholar
Zábranský, T. (2003) Drogová epidemiologie. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.
Google Scholar
Authors
Ivana OleckáAuthors
Ludmila TrochtováStatistics
Downloads
Lizenz
Copyright (c) 2024 Family Forum
Dieses Werk steht unter der Lizenz Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International.
Am häufigsten gelesenen Artikel dieser/dieses Autor/in
- Jiří Pospíšil, Ivana Olecká, Substance Abuse, Social Values Change and Acceleration of Family Destabilization , Family Forum: Bd. 12 (2022): Przemiany rodziny
